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Free Web Novel,Novel online - All in hlnovel.com -> Historic -> The Young Marshal s Spring and Autumn Period Through the Republic of China Chapter 752 Earthshaking Changes
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Based on many discussions among the elites of the Ministry of National Defense and Zhang Hanqing¡¯s suggestions, the Military Commission headed by Zhang Zuolin finally completed the adjustment of the national military strategy at the end of 1925. The main concepts of this change are:
Serialization and standardization of army equipment;
The concreteness of the role of the air force and the clarification of its development direction;
The initial formation of the naval strategy¡ªLight Blue Navy Plan;
Established a compulsory military service system, established the National Defense Mobilization Bureau, and formally established the concept of "people's war".
After mankind has entered a three-dimensional war in which multiple services and arms collaborate, the confrontation of weapons has become a complex system confrontation. An important manifestation of the advantages of military equipment in developed countries is the strong system matching and standardization.
The corruption and disunity of old China manifested themselves in poor self-control in terms of weapons and chaotic outsourcing. Warlords of various factions purchase weapons separately (often depending on whether they can obtain political support and the amount of rebates). The guns alone come from more than a dozen countries, making it known as the "Weapons Museum of All Nations."
This kind of equipment chaos is a disaster for logistics support. During wartime, parts often do not match the guns and the ammunition is not in the right chamber. It is also subject to the selling country's ability to supply ammunition in a timely manner.
Of course Zhang Hanqing knew the disadvantages, just because he had been in the warlord melee, and before the country was unified, standard equipment had only been initially implemented in areas under the control of the Feng Faction and the People's Army. However, due to various reasons, this plan could only be aborted.
Due to his outstanding performance in the General Mobilization Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense, Bai Chongxi was appointed as the Minister of the newly established Army Equipment Department. This military strategist known as "Little Zhuge" in the Republic of China finally found a stage in life in advance and spared no effort in the construction of the Army. Much appreciated. Following the "Three-Self" policy he once proposed, he consolidated the three previously established construction corps of Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Beidahuang with up to 500,000 people, and deployed troops among the people. In this way, heavy troops were deployed covertly in the northwest, north and northeast.
Under this concept, all arsenals in Shenyang, Taiyuan, Dezhou, Hanyang, Chongqing, Lanzhou, Guiyang, and Guangzhou have all converted to standard production within a time limit to realize the standardization of the entire military equipment and facilitate logistics and equipment.
As a latecomer, Zhang Hanqing knew the configuration of the Japanese army: at that time, the transportation conditions in mainland China were poor, and land battles were mostly conducted by foot and mules and horses. Heavy artillery was rarely used. The two sides mainly fought with infantry weapons and light artillery.
Zhang Hanqing had often seen the standard weapons of the Japanese infantry invading China in movies - soldiers carried "38 big covers" and "crooked machine guns", and officers carried "bastard | boxes". Their performance was lagging behind in the world at that time. equipment for Western countries and the Soviet Union.
However, Japan established a complete supporting arms industry from the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 to World War I, and the equipment was basically self-produced. Although the performance of the Japanese army's firearms was not superior at that time, standardization and serialization made it easier to organize firepower and ensure the supply of ammunition.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the equipment and technology level of the Japanese Army was actually not very high. This was mainly because its industrial level lagged behind that of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union. Before the war, its military production followed a "focus doctrine" and caught up with the international advanced level in terms of aircraft and ships, while leaving behind ground equipment. in a secondary development position.
In the summer of 1939, the Japanese Kwantung Army clashed with the Soviet army commanded by Zhukov in Nomenkan. Its backward land warfare weapons could not withstand the mechanized troops. The Sixth Army was defeated, with 18,000 killed (three times the number of deaths as the Soviet army).
After that, although the Japanese Army proposed to improve its army equipment, it was still unable to take care of both due to the "hyper-focus doctrine" of supporting sea and air during the Pacific War.
At that time, the Japanese Army¡¯s equipment, which was much smaller in number than the Kuomintang Army, was rampant in China with equipment that did not have superior performance. The important reason was that it was highly systematized.
At the beginning of the "August 13" Anti-Japanese War in history, China's firepower was still able to partially suppress the Japanese army. However, Hitler, who was closely related to Chiang Kai-shek's regime, deliberately delayed the supply of ammunition because he was worried about the protests of his ally Japan. As a result, the Kuomintang Central Army felt that it was short of ammunition a month or two after the full-scale war against Japan, and the confusion of equipment models also caused problems for the organization. Fire creates difficulties.
At that time, the Chinese and Japanese military positions had been fighting for a long time, and the Japanese were able to rely on better weapons and sufficient supplies of ammunition, and they had a clear advantage in firepower.
During the Songhu Anti-Japanese War, someone concluded: In the first month of the war, four Chinese German weapon divisions could withstand one Japanese division; by the third month, six German weapon divisions could no longer withstand one Japanese division.
However, things are different now. China¡¯s existing conditions make it possible and necessary for the army to first enter the standardization stage.
Unlike the old days when there were few cannons, whether good or bad came first, there was no need to pick whether the cannon was British or metric, as long as the shells could be fired. After a period of development, when you have more weapons at your disposal, you can merge and classify the messy artillery pieces of each unit, and phase out obsolete ones in a step-by-step manner.For unpopular mountain artillery (such as Japanese artillery), Russian and British or metric artillery are listed separately.
The People's Army has a large number of land forces, and standardization can alleviate the troubles in logistics, equipment, training and command.
Under the leadership of the People's Party | with the country's increasingly abundant financial resources, the configuration of the People's Army's ground forces has become unmatched in history: comparing the configuration of a standard army division with a Japanese A-type division, the Japanese army has more ground heavy weapons than The performance of the Chinese army is not superior.
A Japanese Class A division supports artillery including 24 Type 41 75mm mountain guns, 12 75mm cannons (also known as field guns) and 24 Type 38 70mm infantry guns, a total of 60 artillery pieces, but their performance is not as good as that purchased by China during the same period. And transformed domestic products from the United States, the Soviet Union, Germany, the Czech Republic and so on.
China¡¯s divisional artillery regiment initially had 54 75mm mountain guns. After their popularity, they were gradually upgraded, but the total number is still 54.
The caliber of most of the Chinese army¡¯s mountain artillery was originally 75 mm, among which the products made by the German Krupp factory had the best performance. Due to the gap in heavy industry levels, domestically produced imitations are slightly inferior to the original ones.
Among all the arsenals in China, the Shenyang arsenal is the best in imitation, and other factories are catching up. However, after the introduction of a howitzer production line of the same caliber from the Soviet Union in early 1924, the production of mountain guns came to an end. Due to the large-scale mass production of Chinese automobiles during the same period, the People's Army artillery initially realized truck towing, and the disadvantages of mountain guns began to appear.
Perhaps because of his obsession with artillery, or because he was frightened by the weak firepower, not only Zhang Hanqing, but also Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Zuoxiang and other old Fengtian generals strongly supported the expansion of his artillery.
From doing everything possible to buy, steal, and rob in the early stage, to later sparing no effort to build, and using various means to buy equipment, the artillery of the People's Army comes from a variety of sources, including equipment from old Russia, the Czech Republic, the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, and even Japan. The number of production lines is increasing day by day.
Anyway, there is plenty of money, and the manufacturing of 75mm mountain cannon is relatively simple.
Until the People's Army gained an overall advantage, the establishment of the General Armament Department put the production of artillery on the right track, and gradually realized standardization and standardization. The quality of artillery also began to improve, and the quantity also experienced earth-shaking changes.
In less than two years, the production of 75mm light howitzers has become saturated. Zhang Hanqing's next focus is to significantly compress this production line and move towards replacing larger caliber cannons in small steps. . With the help of the Germans, these things that were previously considered impossible are being implemented one by one.
Throughout 1925, the People's Army arsenals produced 4,000 75mm (light) grenades and field guns, and 600 105mm howitzers. Together with the previously existing weapons, these weapons could arm 42 field artillery regiments, 143 mountain artillery regiments and 11 heavy howitzer regiments.
According to the standard configuration of the 144 artillery regiments of the 36 corps of the People's Army, all divisional artillery regiments are uniformly equipped with howitzers (75mm mountain cannon or 105mm howitzer), and the field artillery is decentralized to the regiment level. Enhance the ability of front-line troops to tackle difficult problems.
Of course, the number of field artillery is currently insufficient, so each regiment is first assigned a battalion, and some even have only one company. Therefore, Zhang Hanqing decided to convert the production of mountain cannons to field cannons, and the excess production capacity will be upgraded or suspended.
Eight of the eleven 105th artillery regiments are assigned to the elite 27th Army and the 29th Army. The former guards the Central Committee and the latter guards the Japanese in the Northeast. The remaining three served as the military-affiliated artillery regiments of the 1st, 4th, and 28th armies respectively, replacing the original light howitzers.
This is also a common practice. All new equipment of the Army will be supplied to these five main forces first.
Two of the 10 extra light howitzer regiments are assigned to the newly created 6 Marine Corps brigades as brigade-level fire support: numbered 5th to 10th, they are equipped with three fleets respectively to strengthen the coastal areas. mobile combat capabilities in various locations.
In addition to being used as replacements for old cannons, the remaining cannons are also transferred to reserves or used for actual combat training of military academy cadets. From a rare cannon to a large surplus now, the People's Army has gone through a difficult development path.
This was also the Chinese government¡¯s confidence in facing great powers such as Britain and Japan during the May 30th period.
If the strength of the army is a practical need to protect the political power from interference by foreign powers, then the navy's precautionary measures reflect Zhang Hanqing's astonishing foresight. The People's Navy has just learned to walk, and he is already preparing to run in the future.
With the help of their German counterparts, the Chinese government spent a huge US$10 million to purchase several treasures from Germany: a 15,000-ton hydraulic press and three 70-ton acid open-hearth furnaces. The external statement was to revitalize China's shipbuilding industry. .
But everyone in the know knows that ordinary commercial ships simply don¡¯t need such high-end stuff, because they can make 650mm thick armor steel plates!
Of course, in order to reduce doubts, these things were placed in inland Wuhan.
If anyone checks the information about Wuhan Shipyard in the files of the General Armament Department at this time, they will definitely be surprised: although it can only produce ships of less than 3,000 tons on the surface, it already has a complete range of large warships, including submarines. A complete set of equipment inside, as well as supporting naval weapons manufacturing planning.
¡°In view of the needs of the real economy, the construction of the navy is first based on dual-use military and civilian uses. It first accumulates mature civilian shipbuilding experience and then applies it to warships naturally. This will not only prevent a large amount of funds from being occupied, but also avoid arousing the sensitive nerves of the great powers at this time.
Anyway, the construction of the navy cannot be accomplished in one fell swoop. At this time, the world's naval community is still lagging behind in the development of the navy. China has every opportunity to catch up or even surpass it. ?(Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)The information about the Wuhan Shipyard in the case will definitely surprise you: although it can only produce ships of less than 3,000 tons on the surface, it already has a complete set of equipment for large warships, including submarines, as well as supporting equipment. naval weapons manufacturing plan.
¡°In view of the needs of the real economy, the construction of the navy is first based on dual-use military and civilian uses. It first accumulates mature civilian shipbuilding experience and then applies it to warships naturally. This will not only prevent a large amount of funds from being occupied, but also avoid arousing the sensitive nerves of the great powers at this time.
Anyway, the construction of the navy cannot be accomplished in one fell swoop. At this time, the world's naval community is still lagging behind in the development of the navy. China has every opportunity to catch up or even surpass it. ?(Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com - Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report
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