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Soviet heavy weapons, especially heavy artillery production lines, are urgently needed by the People's Army.
The current equipment of the People's Army is mainly 75mm mountain guns and howitzers, while the previous Tsarist Russian army had already used 105mm and 155mm guns as the main force. After the domestic army has initially completed the reorganization of the three brigades, the artillery regiments (no matter what kind of artillery) of each division and brigade are far from enough.
Since the Zhili was defeated, the People's Army and Fengjun merged and captured Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, rapidly expanding from the original 23 divisions to 29 divisions. The military strength is not insufficient, but the number of heavy artillery has always restricted its combat effectiveness.
Throughout 1923, all arsenals were at full capacity, but produced 510 mountain guns and 600 howitzers. Together with the original 23 full-service artillery regiments, the People's Army organized a total of 16 75mm howitzers and field artillery regiments, There are 32 75mm mountain artillery regiments, but the People's Army needs 106 artillery regiments, which is less than half of the demand.
Zhang Hanqing has begun preparations to completely cancel the manufacturing of mountain artillery in 1924, switch to a howitzer production line and expand production. After taking control of the two major arsenals, Gongxian Arsenal and Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Bureau, if we can get help from the Soviet Union, it will not be a problem to double the amount of artillery produced in 1924 compared with the previous year. We can also replace the mountain artillery with more powerful ones. The howitzer is a thing that greatly increases the combat effectiveness of the army.
The "barter" policy he proposed to the Soviet Union was very feasible, because the Soviet Union had not recovered from the great famine caused in 1921, and bartering for food was a matter of mutual benefit, so the Soviet government | The government readily agreed to Zhang Hanqing's various assistance requests.
Considering that the Sino-Soviet peace agreement was signed in 15 years, it is expected to maintain a good peace with it in the north for a long time. But why the time is not twenty years or even more, Zhang Hanqing has his own calculation.
Considering the future war between the Soviet Union and Germany, after China becomes stronger, the most likely time to regain territory should be at this time - according to historical trends, the Soviet Union will have no time to take care of itself at that time, and it will be possible for China to resume control of the Far East.
As long as China is not weakened, the Soviet Union, which has lost the Far East, is unlikely to be able to engage in a large-scale war with another major country - the international situation after World War II is not favorable to it. Once the age of nuclear weapons arrives in the future, it will be difficult and almost impossible to regain territory. Can you imagine China¡¯s reaction to Russia¡¯s territorial claims in the 21st century?
Of course, Zhang Hanqing had other considerations when he visited the Soviet Union as a senior official of the People's Party and the People's Army. As a modern person who has traveled through time, he understands better than anyone how strong the people of the West, especially Western Europe, are in fear of the world's first socialist regime.
After four years of armed intervention from 1918 to 1922, the West generally imposed an arms embargo and economic blockade on the Soviet Union. Of course, it was more afraid that a system of the same nature would spread to China, a country with a large population and a country with nearly Western capital. China's system of separation of powers is more in line with their expectations.
As a People's Party government with a de facto one-party dictatorship, its administrative control methods are surprisingly similar to those of the Soviet Union: a high degree of nationalization of industry and a national distribution system, as well as copying of ideology - in fact, Zhang Hanqing The administrative management style under his leadership has never been able to escape the subtle influence given to him by the long-term political life of more than 20 years in later generations.
The Soviet Union attaches great importance to exploiting the contradiction between semi-colonial and semi-feudal China and the Allied Powers, which mainly have vested interests in China. It strives to maintain friendly relations with China diplomatically and strengthen Sino-Soviet multi-faceted cooperation to prevent China from being drawn into the Western anti-Soviet camp.
Although the Northern Policy (i.e., the policy towards the Soviet Union) played a secondary role in Zhang Hanqing's overall diplomatic strategy, due to various practical needs for rejuvenating China, he could not ignore it and gradually strengthened the cooperative relationship with the Soviet Union.
Zhang Hanqing did not blindly follow the irrational understanding that the country was completely leaning towards the north or the west at that time. He believed that: "There will be dangers in being pro-Western and anti-Russian or pro-Russian and anti-Western" and "unilateral alliances may be involved in a war." "It would be foolish to abandon ties with Moscow" and "the ever-present Western countries' imagination of a dangerous Sino-Soviet political unity is a political asset of great significance to China" and made special remarks on various occasions. , thus promoting this visit to the Soviet Union.
He believes that China must take advantage of the contradiction between the victorious countries in the West and the Soviet Union in the East, use the trump card of its relationship with the Soviet Union to stimulate and deal with the West, and strengthen its counterweight to the Allied Powers such as Britain, the United States, France, and Japan. Moreover, China needed the Soviet Union economically and militarily.
The peace treaty signed between China and the Soviet Union made both the East and the West feel the constraints of this "balance". Later, he even more vividly displayed the spirit of the treaty. He wanted to deal tactfully between the North and the West, make full use of the contradictions between the Allies and the Soviet Union to obtain as many benefits as possible, and enable China to play more roles on the international stage.Role: China is aligned with both the North and the West - both sides need it.
The implementation of Zhang Hanqing's policy of "maintaining a balance between the two sides" not only enabled the two countries to maintain good and normal diplomatic relations, but also objectively improved the independence of China's international status, and thus prevented the imperialist China policy in China. As harsh as it was in official history, China has entered a period of "careful care" by all parties, gaining rare time for development and thereby maintaining peace and stability in Asia.
In view of this, when evaluating China's greatest strategists and diplomats in the 20th century in "History of the Republic of China - A Strategic Study of the First Ten Years of the Young Marshal's Administration", Zhang Hanqing deservedly ranked first.
After the Soviet Union first established diplomatic relations with the government of the Republic of China led by the People's Party, major powers such as the United States, Britain, France and Japan successively issued declarations recognizing China's sovereign and independent status. Although it is just a statement, for China, which is suffering from many disasters, its meaning is no more than the cry of a newborn baby.
The first item in the Sino-Soviet economic agreement was the development of Yumen Oilfield, which Zhang Hanqing was most proud of.
The reason why the development of oil fields is the first choice is because the country¡¯s need for oil has become a bottleneck affecting the development of China¡¯s industrial, agricultural and commercial industries.
The widespread use of tractors in the Northeast has greatly increased the demand for diesel; and the proportion of automobiles in the transportation industry has begun to show its advantages, causing the demand for oil to increase with the development of China's transportation industry. It is not false that China needs hundreds of millions of tons of oil every year.
Now because of the small amount, you can also import it from Nanyang through the newly established Sinopec Corporation, but this situation cannot be carried out all the time? It's not easy to rely on imports. It would be a waste of my hard-earned remittances.
So developing Yumen is the best choice.
Yumen Oilfield is located in Yumen City, Gansu Province, with a total area of ??114.37 square kilometers. Historically, it was put into development in 1939. In 1959, the crude oil production reached 1.4029 million tons, accounting for 50.9% of the national crude oil production that year. It has achieved excellent results of stable production of 600,000 tons for 10 years in the 1970s and 10 years of stable production of 500,000 tons in the 1980s, and is known as the "cradle of China's petroleum industry."
Now it seems that this output is inconspicuous, but in the industrial society of the 1920s when ships and locomotives were mainly based on coal, the use of oil did not obviously receive enough attention. As someone who has experienced this, Zhang Hanqing knows the huge uses of oil. Of course, he also knows the distribution of China's oil reserves in the future.
Daqing, Shengli, and Liaohe, which occupy the top three oil fields, are all in Northeast and North China. In fact, the output of Yumen Oilfield is only one hundred and one of the Daqing Oilfield. However, due to its historical significance in the development of China's oil industry, it is also located in the Daqing Oilfield. Northwest, so Zhang Hanqing was particularly tempted.
As we all know, at that time, Japan relied on the United States to import more than 90% of its oil. In a modern war that relied on aircraft, warships, and tanks, as long as the United States cut off Japan's oil supply, Japan would inevitably fall into the predicament of defeat without a fight.
According to some information in recent years, the American Mobil Oil Company discovered China's Daqing Oil Field in the 1920s. However, the U.S. government did not allow Mobil to announce this discovery. Instead, it asked Mobil to declare that no oil had been found in Northeast China. It also pretended to put forward a theory of "China's oil poverty theory" and sentenced China's oil to death.
At that time, in order to get rid of the dilemma of oil being choked by others, Japan was also exploring for oil in Northeast China. However, the Japanese no longer explored the places where the Americans had explored. They believed that there was really no oil in the places where the Americans had explored. . The Japanese never thought that the Americans would lie to them. They really believed in the "China is poor in oil theory" and did not continue to explore for oil in Northeast China.
If the Japanese discovered the Daqing Oilfield in Northeast China, Japan would probably not attack Pearl Harbor because of the U.S. oil embargo, and world history might really have to be rewritten.
In fact, the output of the Yumen Oilfield is very low, not to mention Northeast China, North China and other places that are among the top three. Xinjiang, located in the northwest, also has a larger number of oil fields, such as Karamay, Tarim, Tuha, etc., which are all considered by China in modern times. large oil fields. The reason why they are not developed is not that Zhang Hanqing doesn't know about it, but that China's oil industry has just started and there is no experience in large-scale exploitation.
Naturally, Zhang Hanqing would not be so stupid as to reveal the fact that there are large oil fields in the Northeast. At present, industrial development does not require so much oil. Cars, which are large consumers of fuel, have not yet used petroleum on a large scale, and even the development and use of coal has only been a small fraction. Under such circumstances, there is basically no market for rashly developing a large oil field. Instead, Japan has the idea of ??continuing to "go north".
Under the current situation, through the country's show of strength and making Japan feel that it has nothing to gain in Northeast China, it may temporarily alleviate its covetousness in China - it is impossible to completely eliminate it. The war between China and Japan is inevitable. This is Zhang Hanqing's conclusion - leaving opportunities for China's development.
However, due to the large-scale development of automobiles and the prospect of large-scale popularization and use, it is imperative to develop oil fields. However, China currently lacks drilling technology, and the Soviet Union's help is very important for China's reserve of technical strength.
Yumen Oilfield is located in Gansu. The soon-to-be-opened Longhai Line and the planned Lanzhou-Xinjiang Line can easily communicate with the Soviet Union and obtain technical support. Moreover, Yumen is located inland. Even if large-scale production is finally formed, Japan will not be able to extend its influence into the remote northwest. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)?This battle is inevitable, this is Zhang Hanqing's conclusion - leaving opportunities for China's development.
However, due to the large-scale development of automobiles and the prospect of large-scale popularization and use, it is imperative to develop oil fields. However, China currently lacks drilling technology, and the Soviet Union's help is very important for China's reserve of technical strength.
Yumen Oilfield is located in Gansu. The soon-to-be-opened Longhai Line and the planned Lanzhou-Xinjiang Line can easily communicate with the Soviet Union and obtain technical support. Moreover, Yumen is located inland. Even if large-scale production is finally formed, Japan will not be able to extend its influence into the remote northwest. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com