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Chapter 465 Not short of money

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    With the large-scale rise of industry, the problem of talent shortage has begun to emerge sharply. Fengxi is in urgent need of a large number of engineers who understand technology to support industrial development.

    Prior to this, the inheritance of technology was only taught by master and apprentice. From the perspective of "teaching the apprentice, the master will starve to death", the traditional handicraft workshop-style technical education has been far out of step with the times, and formal education that follows the world trend is needed.  Technical technical schools are here to teach knowledge and solve problems on a large scale, and it is urgent to build specialized industrial schools.

    China has a long history of running universities, but the predecessor of Hunan University, Yuelu Academy, which claims to have a history of thousands of years, does not have any characteristics of a modern university.  A university that is truly established in accordance with the Western university model is a foreign church university born in the 1860s - Shanghai St. John's University. This is a university that has always been very strong. It was also the only university in China before 1895.  The best university.

    The earliest government-run university in China was the Peiyang University, which was established during the Sino-Japanese War of 1898. Shortly after its birth, Tianjin began to experience the Boxer Rebellion, and then was invaded by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, which affected its development to a certain extent.

    ??The Nanyang Public School, established in 1896, was located in the Shanghai Concession where many humanities gathered. It had been committed to saving the country through industry and developed better. Therefore, it could be said to be the best university in China until the 1920s.

    As for the Capital University, which was established in 1898, it was the predecessor of Peking University where Zhang Hanqing once "study".  Due to the influence of feudalism, most of the students enrolled were dandy children. It was not until Cai Yuanpei took charge of the school that the school spirit was revived, and talents from all over the world gathered. The May 4th Movement made it famous at home and abroad and left a mark in history.  However, no one could compare with Peking University in humanities, but its science and engineering subjects at that time were still very poor.  Nanyang and Beiyang are still stronger in science and engineering.

    After Nanyang merged with Tangshan and Beijing universities in 1921, it was renamed Jiaotong University. It was the best science and engineering institution at that time; Beiyang University, later Tianjin University, was also very strong in science and engineering.

    ¡°Talents are concentrated in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, which is detrimental to the development of Northeast China. It is time to establish Northeast China¡¯s own universities.

    There is currently only one non-strict university in Northeast China - Liaoning Normal University. It has zero science and engineering vocational schools and no background in humanities.  The Northeast now has the best industrial base in the country, so it is inevitable to establish science and engineering universities.

    Zhang Zuolin has always been committed to education. For this reason, he has performed well on various occasions and at all times: he made every effort to make Liaoning Normal University catch up with the last train of the Ministry of Education to run a university, and he was the first to call for teaching vernacular Chinese.  He was the first to explicitly stipulate that county magistrates under his jurisdiction require each county¡¯s education funding to account for 40% of the county¡¯s finances and use this as an important indicator for performance evaluation. He was also the first to introduce tuition-free normal universities.  , a warlord who is free of food expenses

    The Fengcheng, Zhizhi and Guangdong cliques have become one of the new troika of the Republic of China. How can we not have our own universities to cultivate talents?  Zhang Zuolin said at the high-level military and political conference of the autonomous government: "The industrial economy in Northeast China is in dire straits, and I need a lot of talents. It couldn't be done without conditions before, but now the finances are much better. It's time to build an all-inclusive university.  It¡¯s time.¡±

    Zhang Hanqing whispered from the side: "It is a comprehensive university."

    Zhang Zuolin cleared his throat and said: "Well, it is a comprehensive university! It must be better than Beiyang, Nanyang, and Peking University, and it must be willing to spend money. We are not short of money when it comes to investment in education."

    He is really not short of money. As the chief dispatcher, Zhang Hanqing always kept a sum of gold in Shenyang.  This amount of gold is 30 tons, which is equivalent to 270 million yuan in the ocean, which is a huge sum of money.

    It is enough to use this huge sum of money to build ten universities like Peking University.

    Zhang Zuolin was full of confidence. He said to Wang Yongjiang: "I have never read a book and know the harm of ink in the stomach. Therefore, we cannot let the Northeastern people not have the opportunity to go to university for further study. Minyuan, I will leave everything to you."  Yes, the sooner school starts, the better. Tell me with money, no matter how much it is, I would rather raise an army of 50,000 less, but Northeastern University must be established."

    Zhang Hanqing is not satisfied with this university.  For him, it is rare to have enough money in the Northeast, and it is not too painful to use it.  Now there are more and better conditions than in history, and several universities can be built at the same time, because the shortage of talents has become obvious.

    Northeastern University, Harbin Institute of Technology, and Jilin Normal University can definitely run in parallel. Harbin Institute of Technology, in particular, must be well established. It is the base for China¡¯s industrial development¡ªbecause China¡¯s industrial development will definitely depend on Northeast China.

    The establishment of various universities in Northeast China is China's own business. However, when the Japanese side learned that the Northeast authorities wanted to set up their own universities, the Japanese Consul General in Liaoning openly gave "advice" to Wang Yongjiang: "I heard that you want to set up universities. It will not be easy.  Yeah! It costs money, ??Nobody.  If you want to study science and engineering, we already have 'Lushun Engineering'; if you want to study medicine, we already have 'South Manchuria Medical University'; if you want to study liberal arts, you can also send international students to the Imperial University to study. The Japanese Government |  Preferential treatment will be given and official subsidies will be provided.  Why do you overestimate your capabilities and seek trouble by setting up your own university?  "

    Wang Yongjiang immediately reported this conversation to Zhang Zuolin.  After Zhang Zuolin heard this, he was very angry: "Mom, the more they oppose me, Mr. Zhang, to establish a university, the more we have to do it. We have to do it quickly, do it well, and get talents as soon as possible."

    Time waits for no one, and the Northeast, which is full of waste and needs to be revitalized, is in urgent need of talents of all kinds.  Although he has many things to do, Zhang Hanqing still strongly recommends that Northeastern University be built early and in a big way. Besides, the construction of the school cannot be accomplished in a day. When it gradually reaches a scale, Northeastern's economy should be able to meet the needs.

    So on December 26, 1920, Northeastern University was officially established, and the school buildings temporarily used the old campuses of colleges and universities and liberal arts schools in Dananguan, the provincial capital.  Later, 500 acres of land was purchased in Beiling and construction of a new school building began.  Excluding the land purchase fee, Northeastern University's infrastructure costs totaled 12 million yuan.  A year later, the new school building was completed. Its scale and complete functions are second to none in the country.

    In addition to building school buildings, the Liaoning Provincial Governor's Office also allocated 500 acres of official land near Changning Temple in the southwest of Beiling and allocated 8.8 million yuan to build a university factory.  This kind of university has an affiliated factory, which not only takes care of student internships, but also undertakes machinery business from outside, repairing railway locomotives, passenger cars and machine parts.  This model of establishing a factory attached to a university to ensure funding sources was also something that other domestic universities did not have at the time.

    Northeastern University also has 100 acres of botanical garden.  In this way, the entire campus covers an area of ??900 acres, making it the largest campus in the country at that time.  It can be seen that Zhang Zuolin's school building plan is quite grand and spectacular.

    Northeastern University¡¯s annual funding is also second to none among universities.  Peking University's annual funding at that time was 900,000 silver dollars, Nankai University's 400,000 silver dollars, and Tsinghua University's only 1.2 million silver dollars despite the Boxer Indemnity subsidy.  Liaoning Provincial Finance has made a huge investment in Northeastern University. The funding is planned to be 1.6 million yuan in the first year, and will increase year by year thereafter, with an average of 800 yuan per capita.

    After the start of classes at Northeastern University, there were some problems in hiring teachers: some scholars from other provinces did not understand the financial situation of the province, and were afraid to come to Northeastern University to teach. The monthly salary was paid in votes. Once the votes depreciated, their income would be affected, so they were unwilling to apply.  Understanding this situation, Zhang Zuolin immediately made a decision: "All university professors' salaries will be paid in silver dollars, and no arrears are allowed!"

    In order to attract first-class scholars to teach here, Northeastern University has set very generous salaries and benefits, even higher than those of several well-known domestic universities.  Taking professors as an example, the monthly salary of professors at Peking University and Tsinghua University is 300 yuan, that at Nankai University is 240 yuan, and that at Northeastern University is 360 yuan. In the later period, the monthly salary for Zhang Shizhao and others was as high as 800 yuan.  Northeastern University also built new villages and villas for professors, and arranged spacious and comfortable residences.  When professors return to Beijing to visit relatives, their round-trip travel expenses are also reimbursed.  This was in sharp contrast to the civil war situation at that time, when professors in various schools were owed salary arrears and had their salaries reduced.

    With the sycamore tree, there is no need to worry about not attracting the golden phoenix.  These generous benefits from Northeastern University attracted many well-known professors at that time to teach.  Later, according to statistics from Northeastern University in 1928, among its 128 full-time faculty members, 77 had returned from studying abroad, including 11 PhDs, 37 masters, and 29 bachelors.

    And most of them studied in the United States and graduated from some famous universities in the United States, such as Harvard University, Yale University, Columbia University, Cornell University, MIT, etc.

    Even if the rest of the professors have not been "gold-plated" abroad, they have graduated from some well-known domestic institutions of higher learning, such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Tongji University, etc.  Its professor lineup is far beyond comparison with other universities.

    The teaching equipment of Northeastern University was also among the best in the country at that time.  Northeastern University has almost all the experimental instruments and machinery, such as physical and chemical instruments, engineering machinery, animal and plant specimens, books, and factory equipment.  Moreover, most of them are purchased from abroad and are relatively advanced, which is rare among famous domestic schools.  According to statistics in 1926, the school has a collection of 33,164 books, 13,516 instruments and specimens of various types, and mechanical equipment worth 186.53 million yuan, providing excellent conditions for students to read, experiment and practice.

    By the end of the 1920s, Northeastern University had the largest number of students in the country, with 300 professors and 3,000 students. At that time, Peking University only had 2,000 students.

    ¡°At first, many Japanese did not believe that Zhang Zuolin would run Northeastern University well.  However, after visiting Tohoku University, Japanese scholar Niijima Junryo had to say: Tohoku University's experimental equipment is first-class, professors' salaries are much higher than those of national universities, and its educational standards are "much higher than those of higher education institutions established by Japan in Manchuria."  Educational Colleges¡±.

    If the Japanese pay attention to Harbin Institute of Technology, which is under construction at the same time, they will find that except for some departments such as humanities, economics, medicine, etc., which are less than Northeastern University, Harbin Institute of Technology, which is far away in the hinterland of Black Province, even invests more in engineering education than Northeastern University.  University.  The departments of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, mining, and civil engineering here are among the best in Asia.

    Regarding Zhang Hanqing¡¯s ambition, if Northeastern University¡¯s expectation is to become a first-class comprehensive university in the country, then Harbin Institute of Technology¡¯s requirement is to be a world-class engineering institution that dares to rival MIT.

    Of course, Harbin Institute of Technology has lived up to the young commander¡¯s high expectations. It took ten years to truly become the ¡°cradle of the military industry of the Republic of China¡±, and also brought China¡¯s national defense industry into the modern era.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)The investment in engineering education even exceeds that of Northeastern University.  The departments of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, mining, and civil engineering here are among the best in Asia.

    Regarding Zhang Hanqing¡¯s ambition, if Northeastern University¡¯s expectation is to become a first-class comprehensive university in the country, then Harbin Institute of Technology¡¯s requirement is to be a world-class engineering institution that dares to rival MIT.

    Of course, Harbin Institute of Technology has lived up to the young commander¡¯s high expectations. It took ten years to truly become the ¡°cradle of the military industry of the Republic of China¡±, and also brought China¡¯s national defense industry into the modern era.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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