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Chapter 464 The prototype of the separation of powers

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    According to this development, the People's Party is very likely to aspire to dominate China and become the new leading force of the Republic of China.  But this leaves a hidden danger: this kind of party politics that excludes other parties and democratic groups is very likely to be as dictatorial as the Kuomintang in history, and will bring detours to China's democratic process.

    How to limit the seemingly infinite administrative power of the party and the government once again lingered in Zhang Hanqing's mind.

    The American-style system of two-party alternation and the Senate and the House of Representatives is actually not suitable for China: China has always had imperial power greater than sovereignty, and has a tradition of occupying the mountain as the king, which will breed warlordism whenever an opportunity arises.  The Spring and Autumn Period is a game played by the great princes under the Emperor Zhou; the Three Kingdoms and the Five Dynasties are the wonderful legacy of the weak imperial power; a history of the Republic of China is actually a story of the ebb and flow of various mountains.  If there is not a strong government, as the saying goes, "I don't know how many people will be kings and how many will be emperors."

    By imitating the Western parliamentary system, the legislative body of the Republic of China became a laughing stock.  The agreement failed to control Yuan Shikai at the beginning, and failed to succeed after the restoration. Even though the South established an "extraordinary Congress", Duan Qirui used the "Anfu Clan" to control the Congress, and later when Cao Kun bribed the election, the Congress  Helping the emperor to do evil.  In the end, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek were in mainland China, and the Congress had no meaning.  It¡¯s okay not to have such a Congress.

    The courts are also the product of partisan will.  And since ancient times, although there has been a saying in China that "princes who break the law are guilty of the same crime as the common people", at the end of feudal society, it is rare to see typical examples of princes being punished.  Over the past two thousand years, only a few legends such as Bao Gong and Hai Rui have remained. But in such a huge country and a dynasty of two thousand years, relying on the "acting of affairs according to the law" of such a few people, how can we talk about the spirit of the rule of law!

    According to the Xinmin administrative reform pilot, administrative management has indeed reached a big level. However, the pilot was not successful on how to restrain the expansion of administrative power. In other words, the problem at that time was only how to obtain and retain administrative power, and there was no time to design and restrain it.  way¡­

    it's time.  When the administrative power is not too big to be lost, or when you can still effectively control the administrative power, let's alleviate some trouble for future generations.  In accordance with the spirit of the Constitution of the Republic of China, the separation of powers was officially launched in the Northeast.

    ?The first is the parliaments at all levels.  Based on the Xinmin County Council, it was first launched in Northeast China, Xing'an, Rehe and Mongolia.  The number of county councilors in each county is based on 30 people, and one quota is added for every 3,000 more people.

    All members elect a standing committee of the county assembly. The chairman is the speaker, who is also the fixed secretary of the People's Party county committee, and there are 9 members of the standing committee.  The Speaker only has the power to convene but not to vote. He can only vote when there is a tie between pro and con.  The purpose is not to allow the Parliament to escape the control of the People's Party, but also to prevent the People's Party from replacing the role of the Parliament.

    This will test the ability of the county party committee secretaries as the top leaders in the county, forcing them to pay great attention to the county's situation and appropriately restrain their attention to public opinion.

    The term of the County Council is three years, and a plenary session is held at the beginning and end of each year.  During the intersession period, the Standing Committee is responsible for daily affairs, but the appointment of the chief executive at the beginning of the year and the performance report of the county administrative chief at the end of the year must be approved by more than half of the parliamentary meetings attended by all members.  During the term of a member, arrests may not be made without the decision of the Standing Committee or the consent of a majority of all representatives of the Knesset.

    County-level councilors have no salary, and the salary of standing committee members is comparable to that of deputy county magistrates.

    ? The city council is elected on the basis of the county council, and the provincial council is elected on the basis of the city council. Both are given quotas in proportion to the population, but at least one person.  The package is similar, but the term is five years.

    ??A "National Unification Council" parliament is established above the six provinces. The chairman of the parliament is elected by the Central Committee of the People's Party for a three-year term and is re-elected every year.  The purpose of this is to stabilize the parliament as much as possible, and to serve as a barometer of the People's Party's governance level.

    The number of parliamentarians in each province is based on 2 people, with one additional quota for every 100,000 people.  The elected members will be resident in the Shenyang Parliament Building and there will no longer be a committee.  The salary of MPs is the same as that of government ministers.  Members of parliament from each province will be members of the Standing Committee of each provincial assembly.

    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? According to the principle that all speakers at the same level are concurrently held by the party committee secretaries of the People's Party at the same level, the chairman of the parliament should be Zhang Hanqing.

    However, Zhang Hanqing decided to reflect on himself. The party leader no longer serves as the head of the parliament, because at this time the party chairman has more important work tasks. Unlike the provincial party secretary who is responsible for the party and government, the party chairman will also serve as the chairman of the Military Commission |  As the situation worsens, the control over the political power will also be strengthened.

    The secretary of the Provincial Party Committee is also managed by the Organization Department of the Central Committee, the Propaganda Department and other matrix management. When you reach the most senior position, your responsibility will be stronger and you need to be separated from your own affairs.It is enough for the collaborators to control the Central Committee and the army.

    So Lao Zhang agrees, what other opinions do others have?

    In this way, in the Northeast, two major institutions capable of restraining administrative power first appeared: parliament and courts, which allowed the continuation and improvement of the parliamentary system modeled on that of European and American countries since the founding of the Republic of China. This allowed the "extraordinary parliamentary" members still in Guangzhou,  Members of the nominal "Congress" in Beijing were shocked.

    A native-born warlord actually has the courage and vision to voluntarily give up his unique power and place himself under the supervision of the people. What kind of ambition is this!

    Zhang Zuolin suddenly became the backbone of the Chinese cooking movement!  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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