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Chapter 454 The Eve of Mongolian Autonomy

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    Although Zhang Hanqing¡¯s act of killing more than a thousand Mongolians was like cutting off the wrists of a strong man, it still left some Mongolians with lingering fears.  Some hidden conspirators took the opportunity to spread rumors that "in order to control Mongolia, the Han people want to kill all the Mongolians" and so on, trying to provoke ethnic conflicts in order to get grain from the fire.  Some Mongolians who did not know the truth were incited, and the social reform of Mongolian provincial autonomy that had once made progress showed signs of interruption.

    Therefore, when Zhang Zuolin, the "Mongolian Economic and Strategic Envoy" who managed Mongolian affairs on behalf of the Central Committee, launched a massive "Mongolians ruling Mongolia" propaganda campaign across Mongolia under the instruction of Zhang Hanqing, it somewhat stabilized people's hearts.  Everyone is watching, where is the future of Mongolia?

    Abroad, in the face of Mongolia's gradual stabilization, the Soviet Russian government was also somewhat reluctant.

    The Hulunbuir incident was Zhang Hanqing¡¯s unexpected move when the domestic political and military situation in Soviet Russia was very unfavorable. Soviet Russia did not have much time to react to the incident.  After regaining its strength and repositioning itself in the Far East, it was discovered that the strategic balance had gradually shifted to China, led by the Feng clique.  The instigators of the current civil strife in Mongolia were actually former Belarusian wandering elements.  Although the Japanese were the promoters on the surface, anyone could spot the shadow of Soviet Russia.

    Zhang Hanqing¡¯s emphasis on Mongolia and his toughness put pressure on the Soviet Russian government, which was preparing to fish in troubled waters.  After Russia's eastward advance was halted at Port Arthur under Japanese military pressure, its encroachment on Mongolia and its traditionally transcendent status were also in danger of premature death. All this was especially unacceptable to the successors of Tsarist Russia who harbored great-power chauvinism.

    In their view, the prosperous Mongolia, the increasingly tight ethnic relations between Han and Mongolia, and the Chinese government's (fengxian clique) tight control over Mongolia are by no means a blessing to Soviet Russia.  Once the situation stabilizes, Mongolia, with its small population, will not be able to compete with the huge population base of mainland China.  Therefore, maintaining this unstable situation, or at least having an agent, is very necessary.

    Since Mongolia is an autonomous province, it has become inevitable for the Mongolians to rule Mongolia.  The People's Party Mongolian government with Wang Shuhan as governor has completed its mission and needs to be taken over by cooperative Mongolians.  Whoever can later serve as an administrative figure in the governance of Mongolia will naturally have a certain say in Mongolia's future affairs.  This time, Soviet Russia decided to launch a trump card and use grand means to achieve its goals.

    In view of the backwardness of Mongolia¡¯s modern liberation movement and the difficulty of the People¡¯s Party in penetrating into the vast hinterland of Mongolia, Zhang Hanqing mainly adopted the method of ¡°involving the cities and the countryside¡± in order to establish an autonomous government for the Mongols in a short period of time.  That is to say, only the government is elected in Kulum, the largest city in Mongolia. This government is the plenipotentiary government of the entire Mongolian Autonomous Province, so as to reduce the pressure of forming a government and make a quick decision.

    Since most of the old Mongolian nobles were killed, they were replaced by some new-style leaders with modern experience.  There are not many people who have certain influence in the minds of Mongolian people, and they are relatively scattered.  All of this was one of the reasons why Zhang Hanqing advocated a major physical cleansing.  Without the influence of tradition, it is easy for rising stars to accept new things.

    But when Wang Shuhan, who was also the "Director of the Preparatory Committee of the Mongolian Autonomous Government", telegraphed the list of candidates reported from various places to Zhang Hanqing, Zhang Hanqing's heart that had been holding on to it finally broke out.

    Sukhba | Ter, Qiao Bashan, Shaqi Lama, Baodao, Danshang

    Most people may not know these, but all the familiar figures in the history of the founding of Mongolia are listed here. It really makes Zhang Hanqing proud and lucky¡ª¡ª

    How lucky that these lists fell into Zhang Hanqing¡¯s hands!

    How unfortunate that these people fell into the hands of Zhang Hanqing!

    At this time, Sukhba Tel was still a young man named Junxiu who was only 27 years old - of course he couldn't compare his age with Shaoshuai Zhang who was a strange scar.  This son of a herdsman who was born in the city of Maimai has a legendary experience: when he was 14 years old, he worked as a groom on the post road from Kulun to Kyaktu. At the age of 21, he was drafted to join the "Mongolian Autonomous Army" and was soon sent to the Huhu Army sponsored by the Russians.  He studied at the Gil-Brack Military Academy and served as a cavalry company commander and a machine gun company commander after graduation.  While in the army, Sukhba Tel was influenced by the Russian Revolution. After he was discharged from the army at the age of 25, he worked as a typesetter in a printing factory in Kulun and began to organize the first revolutionary group in Mongolia.  After working together with Qiaobashan, he became the military minister and commander-in-chief of the People's Army of Mongolia at the age of 33 in official history.

    Qiao Bashan is younger, only 25 years old.  This son of a herdsman on the banks of the Kherulun River in the Chechen Khanate (now Eastern Province of Mongolia) was also capable of literary and military skills: at the age of 17, he was admitted to a school of the "Autonomous Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs" and was sent to Russia in 1914.  He studied in Irkutsk, organized an underground revolutionary group at the age of 24 and began to cooperate with the Sukhba|Ter group.  After the founding of Mongolia, he served as deputy military minister and deputy commander-in-chief and political commissar of the People's Army.  In order to commemorate him, Mongolia also named the, General Ulyasutai only has jurisdiction over the civil affairs of the Saiyin Noyan tribe, the Zasak Tuhan tribe and the Tangnu Ulianghai tribe, and also controls the four Khalkha tribes, Tangnu Ulianghai and Khovd roads.  Mongolian soldiers.

    To put it simply, Outer Mongolia in a broad sense is divided into three areas: the area under the jurisdiction of General Ulyasutai, the Khovd area, and the Tangnu Ulianghai area. The area under the jurisdiction of General Uliasutai in Outer Mongolia is Kabul.  The fourth part of Erkha Mongolia.

    In the third year of Xuantong, due to the Wuchang Uprising, the eighth Jebtsundamba Hutuktu of Kulun declared the independence of Mongolia and sent troops westward to Ulyasutai and Khovd.

    Because during the entire Qing Dynasty, the Han people were not allowed to interfere in the affairs of the Mongolian ministries. Therefore, at this time, the Qing Dynasty's Zhasak in the Mongolian ministries, including the official offices at all levels, faced a dilemma: if they were loyal to the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty was about to perish; if they were loyal to the Qing Dynasty,  In the Republic of China, I don¡¯t agree with it emotionally.  Therefore, although the Zasaks had the ability to suppress the rebellion at that time, they all treated it negatively.

    If Han people were allowed to intervene in Mongolian affairs throughout the Qing Dynasty, then these problems would not exist in the late Qing Dynasty.

    With these relationships straightened out, Zhang Hanqing and others were able to organize Mongolia-related affairs in a systematic manner.  When raising the issue of "Outer Mongolia autonomy", he wisely chose the narrow concept of Outer Mongolia.  By this time, he had already gained considerable understanding of his thoughts on national autonomy.

    In the narrow sense, Outer Mongolia only refers to the four tribes of Khalkha in Mobei Mongolia, namely the Tushetu Khan tribe, the Sayinnoyan tribe, the Chechen Khan tribe and the Zasak Tuhan tribe, excluding Tangnu Ulianghai and Khovd.  Two places.  Autonomy is limited to these tribes.  In this way, the huge Mongolia is divided very clearly.

    These four tribes were all added to the Mongolian Province as individuals as second-level units, and were also renamed Tushehan Mongolian Autonomous League, Saiyinnoyan Mongolian Autonomous League, etc. Complete Mongolian autonomy can be achieved in these places.  The Mongolian self-government this time is mainly based on these places.

    Khovd has nothing to do with Mongolia in the first place, and Mongolian people do not regard it as their territory. The Tangnu Ulianghaidu, which is similar to it, is still an indirect link of the central government (of course the Fengxi government).  The territory under its jurisdiction is a second-level unit under the province of Mongolia, juxtaposed with the various provinces and prefectures in the interior. Its chief officials are appointed and dismissed by the province, so the Mongolian provincial government can effectively exercise management rights without considering the impact of autonomy.

    Considering the important role of Kulun, as a secondary unit in the full sense, it was separated from the four original Khalkha Mongolian tribes and became the prefecture-level Kulun city.

    The old city of Ulyasutai was separated from Sanyinnoyan because of its historical significance and as a trading city and highway station in western Mongolia. Together with Kulun, it became the only two city-building units in Mongolia Province.

    In this way, Mongolia Province has completed its organizational structure and has jurisdiction over a total of eight prefecture-level secondary local areas: Four Leagues, two cities, Khovd and Tangnu Ulianghai.  After almost wiping out the monk group and severely attacking the influence of the princely group, the two traditional local forces that influenced Mongolia were marginalized for the first time, paving the way for Mongolian autonomy and the effective local management of Mongolian provinces.

    Almost at the same time as the Four Leagues' autonomy, the Mongolian Provincial Committee of the People's Party and the prefectural committees of the eight regions have completed the construction of the organizational structure. What happens next depends on whether the People's Party departments in each region can complete the local-centered political tasks according to the established plan.  .  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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