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Chapter 325 Behind the Jiandao issue

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    However, Japan was still unwilling to give in after the failed attempt to intervene in the North-Manchuria Railway in the East-Middle Road battle.  Although they have a military presence in Manchuria, they are only nominally interfering with Soviet Russia, and at least they cannot be reasonably utilized in terms of justice.  Moreover, as soon as the problem of the Eastern Railway broke out, Zhang Zuolin's government closed the connection between Suifenhe Station, the end of the North Manchuria Railway, and Soviet Russia.  Across the Soviet Far East, it was difficult for the Japanese to stretch their hands too far.

    After much thought, they set their sights on the disputed Yanbian area.

    It is controversial, in fact, it is just the "dispute" of the Japanese unilaterally. Chinese politics | government in the past did not recognize it, and the Japanese people's claims are not desirable.  But the reason why this "controversy" exists is related to the weakness of China, the incompetence of the late Qing government, and the North Koreans' repayment of kindness and hatred.

    This "controversy" is the Jiandao issue.

    Jiandao, formerly known as "Kendao" (named after a large number of Korean immigrants crossed the border for reclamation), is the unilateral name of the Koreans for China's Yanbian territory north of the Tumen River and south of the Hailan River, including Yanji, Wangqing, and Helong  , Hunchun four counties and cities.  During the late Qing Dynasty, the border residents in northern Korea sought a way to survive in China across the water due to disasters and poverty.  As the suzerain country at the time, China also generously set aside a piece of land for them to farm. This was a benevolent move, but it was unexpected that it would open Pandora's box.

    When Japan annexed North Korea, it began to covet the Yanbian area.  On November 18, 1906, Park Jaesun, the Minister of Political Affairs of North Korea, sent a letter to Hirobumi Ito, the Superintendent of Korea, requesting Japan to send personnel to the Yanbian area of ??China to protect Korean settlers. This was exactly what the Japanese government wanted, but considering the establishment of a colonial governance institution and the  The military police stationed in the garrison would easily arouse strong opposition from the Chinese people and the attention of European and American powers, so they temporarily established a temporary station of the North Korean Unification Supervisory Office in the Yanbian area.

    Then Japan claimed that the border between China and North Korea was not clear and the ownership of Jiandao (China's Yanbian area) was undecided. It also illegally invaded China's Yanbian under the pretext of protecting North Korean settlers. This resulted in the issue of Jiandao (China's Yanbian area). When Zhang Hanqing crossed  It was mentioned many times before by a shameless imperial literati from a certain country.

    Therefore, starting from August 1907, China and Japan began to negotiate the "Jiandao Case", which lasted for two years until September 1909.  The Sino-Japanese "Jiandao case" negotiations were conducted, first, between the central governments and envoys of the two countries; second, between the local government in the northeastern Qing Dynasty and the Jiandao Police Station illegally set up by Japan in Yanbian.  .

    But the clever thing about the Japanese is to include the sovereignty issue of "Jiandao" in the negotiations with the other five items related to railways and coal mines.  Negotiations continued into 1909. Japan and North Korea intensified harassment in all "Jiandao" areas. The Qing government could not bear the harassment. Considering that "things must be dealt with first, and harm must be done first," they decided to give in on the road and mine negotiations.  , to ensure territorial sovereignty.

    At that time, the two sides signed the "Tumen River China-South Korea Boundary Affairs Articles", which clearly stipulated that the Tumen River is the national boundary between China and South Korea, and Shiyi River is the source of the river.  Since then, the decades-long border issue between China and South Korea has been resolved.  Later, the border between "Manchukuo" and North Korea, and the border between China and North Korea remained unchanged.  On the reclaimed land north of the Tumen River, Koreans are still allowed to live, which can be regarded as leaving a tail.

    Only in the 1970s in official history, with the economic boom of South Korea, the so-called "Han River Myth", and the rise of right-wing nationalism in South Korea, the so-called "Jiandao" issue began to be brought up again by the shameless stickmen.

    However, just because the treaty is signed, it does not mean that the Chinese government can effectively restrict North Koreans from coming to the Northeast.  The border in this place is inherently long, and the border river Tumen River is not very wide, especially in the upper reaches to the river source area. The rivers are many and shallow, the boundaries are unclear, and the sources are unclear. In many places, there is an interaction of canines, resulting in the situation where you are in the middle and I am in the middle.  There is your situation.  In this place, border management is already difficult, not to mention that people with ulterior motives are causing trouble in it?

    So, the water in Tumen River is actually muddy.

    After the Japanese had nowhere to get their hands on the Middle East Road, they set their sights here again. They intended to open a passage to the hinterland of Northeast China here.  Of course, directly sending troops is not possible. The Republic of China is a sovereign country recognized by the great powers.  So, they used their best trick of "courtesy first, then attack".

    The method is to cause chaos among the Koreans living in the Yanbian area, and then the Japanese side will send troops into the area in a grand manner on the pretext of "calming down the situation."  Based on the experience of encroaching on Dongsanxiao, wherever the Japanese soldiers arrive, it will be the scope of actual control of Japanese forces.

    No, a piece of news about North Korean settlers violently resisting local administration caught Zhang Hanqing's attention.

    What happened is this: As one of the main sources of finance in Northeast China, agricultural tax is the basis for Zhang Hanqing to develop the economy of Northeast China.  According to the fact that China has been deeply rooted in the people for thousands of years,According to the principle of ?, cultivating land and receiving food is the proper meaning.  At this time, unlike later generations, growing grain was not only tax-free but also provided direct subsidies.

    With the expansion of Zhang Zuolin¡¯s power, the Fengcian clique¡¯s control over the Northeast has also begun to be implemented from large and medium-sized cities to the grassroots level. Especially with the progress of land reform, the government¡¯s reach into the first-line rural areas has been much more solidified than before.  The township police stations, finance offices, and governments, together with the grassroots party branches of the People's Party, firmly control administrative power.

    In view of the large number of Korean people in southern Jilin, the autonomous government put forward the concept of "Chinese nation" to guide nationalist tendencies.  Following the household registration system of later generations, "dual nationality", cross-border Koreans and Japanese overseas Chinese were effectively checked in this land.

    The orderly order prevented the Japanese from making trouble, so they started artificial unrest.  The organizer is the Beiken Island branch of the "Yijinhui" which is very famous in the Huichun area.

    "Iljinhui" is a Korean society that originally served to sell Korea and Japan. Later it became an accomplice of Japan's expansion into China and also played an important role in the so-called "Jiandao issue."  It penetrated into the Jiandao area very early. In October 1905, as soon as he joined the association, he sent member Li Guangzhu to "inspect" Jiandao.  After that, a large number of first-level members immigrated to Jiandao. They set up their headquarters in Liudaogou, Linjiang, and many branches in other places in Jiandao. They carried out various reconnaissance and sabotage activities, and colluded with the Japanese "Jiandao Police Station" in an attempt to seize the local area.  For example, Jin Yulong, one of the leaders of the association, served at Jiandao Police Station.

    Regarding this, the book "Jilin Old News" has detailed records: "The number of Koreans who have moved to the four tribes of Yan, Hui, He and Wang has exceeded 400,000. Calculating the household registration, Koreans will account for more than half, and during this period, there are many Jie people.  There are many sly people in Yijinhui, who take over wasteland and rent land, and use deceit to fool around. I am deeply afraid that Yijinhui will be a dog, and the Japanese will scold him, and Yijinhui will be a puppet, and the Japanese will  If you pull the rope and move, Yanbian will be the same as North Korea. Walking on frost and solid ice is also a danger!"

    The Qing government held an unwelcome attitude toward the meeting.  The "14 Articles on the Protection of Sovereignty" formulated by the Jilin authorities clearly stipulates: "The Korean people who are reclaiming land abide by Chinese laws are the reclaiming people of our country. There are also many people who enter Korea and join the society. Such people, regardless of their  If I become a Korean citizen, I will arrest him and deal with him according to civil and criminal laws." But with the support of the Japanese, once the incident involves "friendly subjects", the former Celestial Kingdom will have no way to deal with its former subordinate.  Yes, entering the will has always been a headache for the Qing government on the Sino-Korean border.

    After the Northeast was unified under Zhang Zuolin, the situation began to change.  Zhang Zuolin followed the previous practice and rehabilitated the Korean people who reclaimed wasteland and returned them to their hometowns.  Those who wish to become Chinese citizens will be given a household registration, and their cultivated land will be recognized and protected; those who do not want to become Chinese citizens will be deported within a time limit and their land will be confiscated.  In this way, the people who were originally controlled by the Yi Jinhui began to divide. Under the pressure of the Jilin government, many Korean people expressed their willingness to submit - they were originally people of the Qing dynasty and had no objection to this.

    There will always be a small group of stubborn people who only submit to Korean management on the grounds that they have been farming here for "generations".  The local Chinese government is still very kind and requires them to leave the country within a time limit after the summer grain harvest is completed - this is for their livelihood.  But they were ungrateful and refused to leave. They even stopped paying the grain tax they were supposed to pay.

    What¡¯s even more outrageous is that the North Reclamation Branch of the ¡°First Advancement Association¡± is clamoring to the people everywhere: ¡°If Jiandao is reclassified to North Korea, or if we take a step back and let us self-govern, we can be exempted from grain taxes, and Koreans can manage this area.¡±  Land. With the support of the Japanese Empire, the Chinese government will not dare to use force against you."

    A group of white-eyed wolves were bewitched and really refused to pay the land rent.  What's more, they even contacted in private to mobilize more people to "petition" to the Jilin Provincial Government and ask Huichun to implement "Korean reclamation."

    "Why can the three eastern provinces separate from the central government and become autonomous and establish a system of rule by people, but we can't? More than half of the people living in this land are Korean people. Of course, this land should be managed by us Koreans.  ." This is their main argument, and it is quite popular.

    Originally it was just a "petition" noise, but the local governments of Jilin Province and Huichun are facing a formidable enemy. Why?  Because since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there have been several troubles here.  It stands to reason that it is not difficult to solve this kind of internal affairs, as long as the government is tough enough, but because there are Japanese people waving the flag behind and even rushing to the front line, it rises to the international level every time.

    ??Besides, there are quite a few teams of over a thousand peopleenough to cause a moderate disturbance

    The new governor Liu Shangqing is quite upset.  His characteristics are that he is clear-cut in words and deeds, courteous to others, and the most stable in dealing with things. He has the advantage of "Kong Ming is only cautious in his life".  This pleased Zhang Zuolin, who was also one of the top three figures in Zhang Zuolin's civil service system, second only to Wang Yongjiang.  Being able to become the governor of the three eastern provinces alongside Zhang Guogan and Wang Yongjiang is enough to illustrate the problem.

    Because he comes from an economic background, he is known for his shrewdness and insight into the philosophy of being independent. Sometimes he is regarded as too cautious. He is always exposed to reputation and reputation, or he has been in the palace several times before.

    Because of this, he was overly cautious in dealing with Huichun's "Korean people governing Korea" issue, and only wanted to properly appease him.  While he instructed the Huichun District Commissioner to resolve "people's grievances" safely, he also sent people to find a compromise and promised the settlers to suspend taxes on their land.

    Who would have thought that this would make the brainwashed settlers take advantage of the situation, so they simply shouted "autonomy".  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)sp; Because he comes from an economic background, he is known for his shrewdness and insight into the philosophy of being independent. Sometimes he is regarded as too cautious. He is always exposed to reputation and reputation, or he has been in the palace several times before.

    Because of this, he was overly cautious in dealing with Huichun's "Korean people governing Korea" issue, and only wanted to properly appease him.  While he instructed the Huichun District Commissioner to resolve "people's grievances" safely, he also sent people to find a compromise and promised the settlers to suspend taxes on their land.

    Who would have thought that this would make the brainwashed settlers take advantage of the situation, so they simply shouted "autonomy".  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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