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Free Web Novel,Novel online - All in hlnovel.com -> Historic -> The iron-blooded mission of resisting Japan Chapter 1594: Where does the army¡¯s combat effectiveness come from?
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As for where the combat effectiveness of an army comes from, the Chinese army has the most say on this issue, because the Chinese army has experienced a period of being beaten without the ability to fight back, and then defeated the world's most powerful country in a counterattack. This kind of counterattack does have a lot to think about.
Starting from the Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese army began to come into contact with Western powers and fought a century-long war with them.
In the first half century, China was bound to lose every battle, and the defeat was very disastrous, with its entire army annihilated and only a few others killed.
For example, during the Second Opium War, the Qing government sent its last elite force to Dagu, Tianjin, but was annihilated by the British and French forces at Baliqiao. However, the British and French only suffered more than a dozen casualties. The disparity in casualty ratios was shocking. .
The Qing government believed that the military defeat was due to the fact that the Westerners had foreign guns and cannons. They defeated the Qing Dynasty purely by relying on their equipment superiority. As long as the equipment kept up, it was absolutely impossible for the Western barbarians to compete with the army of the Celestial Kingdom. .
At that time, there was no such thing as an arms embargo in the world. As long as you had money, you could buy the most advanced weapons and even warships. Foreigners were also responsible for training you, which can be said to be a perfect service, so there was a system of learning from foreigners to learn from others. The barbarians came to be known as the Westernization Movement.
After 60 years of Westernization Movement, the Qing government really built a new army. The equipment of the new Qing army was very luxurious and included all kinds of advanced weapons.
For example, the coastal defense cannon of the Qing Dynasty at that time was imported from the German Krupp Factory. It adopted the most advanced technology in the world at that time, and its caliber reached 340mm, which was far more powerful than the main gun of warships at that time.
The Gatling heavy machine gun, an army artifact that completely erased the cavalry service from the history of human armaments, was also equipped by the Qing army. It was purchased by Li Hongzhang when he visited Germany. It uses the world's most advanced technology.
The army of the Qing Dynasty at that time could not be said to be the best in the world, but its force was definitely not weak, and its equipment was not weaker than that of Western powers.
So, the Empress Dowager Cixi was in trouble, and with the support of the Boxers, Cixi felt that she was almost invincible.
In 1900, Cixi declared war on the world and besieged foreign embassies, triggering the Eight-Power Allied Forces to invade Beijing. Then, the Qing government was severely educated by the cruel reality.
At that time, near Beijing, the Qing army and the Boxer Rebellion totaled hundreds of thousands, while the Eight-Power Allied Forces only had 20,000 people. However, the result of this war was that the Qing army was completely defeated.
The first is the Tianjin Dagu Fort, which is equipped with the most advanced German Krupp cannon. It has such advanced cannons, but it is completely vulnerable.
Most of the new cannons equipped by the Qing army guarding the Dagu Fort were manufactured by Krupp Factory or Armstrong, and the training of the fort defense troops was also close to modernization. Under the command of guard general Luo Rongguang, the Qing army resisted heroically for 6 hours.
That¡¯s right, a super fortress that cost a lot of money to build was gone in 6 hours, and that¡¯s under the premise of ¡°heroic resistance¡±.
Those special heavy artillery shells prepared for the coastal defense artillery were all captured by the Eight-Power Allied Forces and piled up like mountains.
After the capture of the Dagu Fort, the Eight-Power Allied Forces took only 10 days to occupy the city of Beijing. The resistance of the Boxers along the way was not even a breeze.
"The courage of the people in the countryside is unreliable, but the regular army in the capital must be reliable."
At that time, in Beijing, the Qing Dynasty¡¯s regular garrison numbered more than 100,000 people, including 10,000 of Germany¡¯s most advanced Mauser 11mm rifles, two Gatling heavy machine guns, and more than 70 artillery pieces of various types.
With such powerful equipment, coupled with the advantages of local defense operations, it is easy to defeat or even annihilate the Eight-Nation Allied Forces.
As a result, the entire city of Beijing fell to the ground before it could hold on for even a day. The casualties caused to the Eight-Nation Allied Forces were so minimal that it is hard to say how few they were.
The advanced muskets and cannons in the hands of the Qing army are no different from fire sticks.
On November 28, 1900, in the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Eight-Power Allied Forces lined up to celebrate their victory, and then began a large-scale looting.
This is the first impression that China's new military has left on the world. It can be described as dregs. Even with the most advanced weapons, it is still dregs.
It can be seen that the combat effectiveness of the army is related to its weapons and equipment, but it is by no means the decisive factor.
After the signing of the Xinchou Treaty, the Eight-Power Allied Forces retreated, and the whole of China woke up. It was useless to just buy advanced weapons and equipment. Even if the feudal army had magic weapons, it would still be a feudal army.
If you want to learn, you have to learn the whole set. You have to learn the Western military system. The military system left by our ancestors can no longer be used.
So, there was Yuan Shikai training? act.
Yuan Shikai adopted German and Japanese infantry drills, adopted all Western equipment and military systems, and strived to develop a strong army like the West.
This is an unprecedented revolution in the history of Chinese military affairs. For the first time, Western military systems such as divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, and companies were introduced into China, replacing the old feudal military system.
This is the first transformation of the Chinese army.
Yuan Shikai worked hard on military training, founded a large number of military academies, and carried out comprehensive Westernization. The famous Beiyang Army Arms School trained the first batch of Western-style generals for China and continuously supplied talents to the Beiyang Army.
At that time, the military academy teaching in Beiyang had the most advanced sand table teaching in the world at that time, and the bishops were all hired from Western powers.
At that time, the Beiyang Army also purchased the latest hot air balloons from Germany for use in reconnaissance. This may be China's first air force.
"The Three Heroes of Beiyang" Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang, and Wang Shizhen all graduated from the Armed Forces Academy. The combination of such a strong talent reserve and advanced equipment makes the Beiyang Army's combat effectiveness the highest in the country.
In 1905, the Beiyang New Army was formed, with 70,000 troops, becoming the most powerful armed group in China at that time. However, the entire army only listened to Yuan Shikai.
This method of feudal private control allowed Yuan Shikai to finally force the Qing emperor to abdicate. At the same time, it also brought the transformation of the Chinese army to an end.
The Beiyang Army is China's first modern army. It is stronger than the feudal army, but far weaker than the modern army.
Because the feudal military system passed down by the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty was eliminated, the Beiyang Army became extremely powerful and dominated China for more than 20 years. However, Yuan Shikai only adopted the Western military system and did not adopt the entire Western ideological system. He still used the ideas of feudal lords to control the army.
When Yuan Shikai built the Beiyang Army, he used various means to strengthen the army's personal loyalty to him, and his generals also followed suit. The entire Beiyang Army implemented a hierarchical enfeoffment system similar to feudal lords.
The system of "soldiers as generals" makes the army focus on money. Soldiers are just for pay, and the army works for individuals. Even if Yuan Shikai mobilizes his troops, he must first distribute the money and feed the generals before feeding the soldiers before the troops are willing to fight.
Therefore, the Beiyang army¡¯s willingness to fight is similar to that of the feudal army. Because the purpose of being a soldier is to get paid. You can do whatever you want with the amount of money you get. I just take that little salary and don¡¯t have to risk my life.
Although the Western military system allows the Beiyang army to use firearms scientifically and rationally, and has caught up with the Western army in terms of combat science, its willingness to fight is still equivalent to that of the feudal army.
In ancient times, if you want to stimulate the bloodiness of soldiers, you must give "heavy rewards." If you can't get the money, you can only rely on the temptation of massacre to motivate the army. That's why the unification wars in ancient times were so fond of massacre.
When there is no way to massacre the city and reward them heavily, the army's willingness to fight is extremely low.
The 100,000 Qing troops who defended the city of Beijing lost thousands of their lives before they collapsed and dispersed. In a military sense, they were "annihilated." The Beiyang Army's willingness to fight was not much better.
During the war against rebellion, Zhang Xun and Duan Qirui's tens of thousands of troops fought in melee around Beijing for 11 days, firing more than 3 million rounds of bullets, and a total of 28 people died in the end.
This makes the Red Army, which is impoverished and advocates destroying an enemy with one bullet, embarrassed.
This constitutes the West¡¯s second impression of the Chinese army. If the Chinese army maintains this appearance, let alone India, it is estimated that even some armies in Africa will not be able to defeat it. Rotten things will definitely be eliminated by history.
It can be seen that the combat effectiveness of an army has a greater relationship with people.
If there are no ideas and no common ideas, no matter how many people there are, they will be nothing but a ragtag mass.
And the confrontation between the armies is, to put it bluntly, the confrontation between ideas. To judge which organization you belong to, it does not depend on your identity, but on your thoughts.
What do you want to do, why are you fighting?
At present, the national army in the Northeast has made a major breakthrough in terms of soldiers, and its weapons and equipment are not inferior to the Japanese army. Except for the lack of air force, they are almost as good as the Kwantung Army.
But Li Guoyao knew that he did not yet have the ability to carry out a full-scale counterattack. The reason was that apart from some members of the national army, at least half of the soldiers had no ideals and did not know why they were fighting!
So what he has to do next is not only to train the military skills of these recruits, but also to transform their thinking. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com - Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report
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