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After Nishio Hisao¡¯s telegram requesting help was sent to Tokyo, it caused an uproar!
Regarding the situation on the battlefield in China, the people in Japan and the top management of the base camp have always been quite optimistic, because since 1894, Japan has never lost in repeated wars with China.
Even though China had the sixth-largest Beiyang Fleet and the New Beiyang Army in Asia at that time, the Imperial Japanese Army still won the war under the combined attack of land and sea. If Russia, Britain and France had not jointly exerted pressure on the Japanese Empire, In the case of Liao, the Manchuria region was probably occupied by the empire decades ago, and there are other things that followed.
That¡¯s why when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out two and a half years ago, the base camp dared to brazenly launch a war of aggression with a mere 200,000 troops against China, which had 2 million troops.
The direction of the early stage of the war was similar to what the base camp had expected. The Imperial Japanese Army captured most of the towns in China's coastal areas with an absolute advantage, and even captured a large number of key cities such as Nanjing and Wuhan.
But because it was too crazy, the war gradually deviated from the control of the base camp and even gradually got out of control.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????Originally, the meaning of the base camp was that this war would last for a year at most, just like the Sino-Japanese War in 1904 (the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894).
¡°This will not only attack the Chinese government and weaken China¡¯s power, but also enhance Japan¡¯s international image by boosting its prestige in the international community.
¡° However, what the base camp did not expect was that the Chinese government was so tough. The war had been fighting for more than two years and there was no sign of easing. On the contrary, the Japanese government was almost unable to hold on.
In fact, Japan¡¯s domestic situation is far worse than imagined. Let¡¯s not talk about the economic situation. The international situation alone has made Japan feel tremendous pressure.
Originally, the Japanese government announced a new order in East Asia to the world after the September 18th Incident. However, this new situation in East Asia, which was established based on the independence of Manchukuo, will of course never be recognized by countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. They maintain the status quo as their world policy. fundamental.
Immediately, Britain, the United States and other countries used the League of Nations, an international diplomatic institution, to put pressure on Japan, and repeatedly tried to contain Japan through statements or protests by senior government officials. For example, the famous Stimson's statement of threats against Japan is still fresh in my memory. China's traditional so-called "diplomacy far away and attack close" and "use barbarians to control barbarians" policies have further encouraged their attitude.
As the fait accompli in Manchuria became increasingly stable, the oppression and containment of Japan by Britain, the United States and other countries temporarily eased. But with the outbreak of the China Incident, this situation has intensified.
On October 5, Showa 12, U.S. President Roosevelt gave a speech in Chicago, talking about the China Incident and the Mediterranean submarine issue, tracing them back to the Manchurian Incident and the Italian-Egyptian War, and condemned Japan and Italy as aggressors. At the same time, it said, "Although we are taking measures to minimize the risk of getting involved in disputes with other countries, in this disordered world where international integrity and security guarantees have been undermined, security cannot be completely guaranteed by simply adopting an indifferent and detached attitude."
His speech caused a sensation and was called President Roosevelt's Declaration of Isolation. It expressed the United States' world policy and its basic attitude towards the events in China and Japan, and became the basis of the United States' subsequent policy towards Japan.
Afterwards, the U.S. State Department issued a statement categorically identifying Japan as a violator of the Nine-Nation Treaty and the Kellogg Pact.
Although the United Kingdom stated its policy of not participating in the incident on July 21, when the incident began, fundamentally speaking, its attitude towards Japan has gradually become tougher.
After President Roosevelt issued the above-mentioned quarantine policy declaration in Chicago, he imposed a moral embargo as a strong expression of the United States' policy toward Japan. As early as not long after the incident, the United States banned the use of government ships to transport weapons to Japan. On July 1, 1978, a so-called moral embargo was imposed on Japan. This was the first manifestation of the economic oppression of Japan by the United States and Britain. After that, the United States and Britain gradually strengthened their economic oppression, and eventually developed into a comprehensive embargo.
Japan took advantage of the capture of Hankou on November 3, Showa 13, to issue a so-called statement on building a new order in East Asia. The main point of this statement is: "If the Nationalist Government can abandon its previous guiding policies, change its personnel arrangements, truly move toward rebirth, and come to participate in the construction of a new order, it will never refuse it."
This statement shows Japan¡¯s strong determination to build a new order in East Asia, but it has strongly stimulated the British and American countries.
In response, the United States immediately responded and made suggestions to Japan. Its content is nothing more than a requirement to abide by the principles of an open door and equal opportunities to China in accordance with the spirit of the nine-nation treaty, and to respect the rights and interests of the United States in China in accordance with the peacetime principles mentioned above.
However, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs disagreed with this, and refuted it in its reply: "At a time when new situations are emerging in the world of East Asia, we want to discuss the current and future issues unchanged with concepts and principles that are suitable for the situation before the incident. It is certain that future events will not be able to solve the current problems at all, but will also not contribute to the establishment of lasting peace in East Asia."
Since then, the United States, Britain and other countries¡¯ policies of aiding Chiang and anti-Japanese policies have actually become concrete. First, the United States provided $25 million to the Chiang government, and the United Kingdom provided a loan of 10 million pounds to aid Chiang.
On January 14, Showa 14, Britain, the United States, and France jointly proposed to Japan that they would not recognize the New East Asian Order; on the 20th of the same month, the League of Nations Council passed a resolution to aid Chiang.
Three months later, during the Japan-UK talks on the Tianjin issue, anti-Japanese elements terrorized Chinese officials in the British Concession in Tianjin, causing the local Japanese army to blockade the British Concession.
The Japanese army believed that the British Concession in Tianjin was originally the source of anti-Japanese elements to disrupt public security and disrupt the economy in North China. In order to resolve this incident, beginning on July 15, Arita held talks with British Ambassador Clerk in Tokyo. On the 22nd of the same month, The two sides reached an understanding on issues of principle.
According to the memorandum between the two parties: "The British government confirms that large-scale fighting is ongoing in China, and acknowledges that as long as this situation continues, the Japanese troops stationed in China should have special requirements in order to ensure their safety and maintain law and order; it also believes that , Japan must eliminate actions that are harmful to the Japanese military and beneficial to China. The British government should eliminate all actions and measures that may hinder the Japanese military from achieving the above goals, and instruct British officials and British nationals in China to confirm the above policy."
On the surface, it seemed that Britain had surrendered, but the situation at that time was that Europe was in a critical situation and was on the verge of breaking out. Therefore, Britain had to adopt a policy of appeasement towards Japan in East Asia.
¡°But this by no means means that Britain has changed its basic policy towards Japan. It just means that Britain¡¯s position as China¡¯s watchdog has been replaced by the United States.
Since January of Showa 14, the United States, which has been basically silent, suddenly notified Japan on July 26 of the abolition of the Japan-U.S. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation. This was really a bolt from the blue for Japan. From then on, the United States' policy of aiding Chiang and anti-Japan became more and more explicit.
In addition to the United States, Britain, France and other foreign countries, the relationship between Japan and the Soviet Union has also made the Japanese government very worried. Since the China Incident, Japan's attitude towards the Soviet Union has always been to maintain absolute tranquility in the north.
¡°However, the Japan-Soviet disputes that frightened the Japanese people and the Central Department of the Japanese Army occurred twice in the Sino-Soviet border area. Those were the Zhanggufeng Incident that occurred in the southeastern part of the country in July of Showa 13, and the Nomonkan Incident that occurred in the west of the country in the summer of Showa 14.
For Japan, these two incidents are just pure border disputes caused by unclear national borders, but they are a serious concern for Japan, which is dealing with the incident in China.
At the time of the Zhang Gufeng incident, the Japanese Army was mobilizing most of its forces to fight in Wuhan. Facing more than 20 Soviet divisions in the Far East, Japan only had 6 divisions in full force.
At the time of the Nomonkan Incident, the Japanese Army was in the process of adjusting its long-term combat system against China. However, compared with the Soviet Army in the Far East, which had as many as 30 divisions, Japan only had 8 divisions in Manchuria.
It turns out that the reason why Japan tried its best to adopt a non-expansion policy in handling the China Incident was because it needed to deal with the threat of the Soviet Union in the north and was greatly restricted in the use of troops.
The above two border incidents, regardless of whether the Soviet Union intended it or not, had a great effect in containing Japan. Reminiscent of the fact that the Soviet Union and China signed a Sino-Soviet non-aggression treaty, Japan agreed that this was a gesture of quantitative support for China.
Under this circumstance, Japan could only turn against the United States, Britain and other countries. It was also during this period that Japan and Germany strengthened bilateral cooperation.
At this time, news that China¡¯s battlefield situation was not optimistic spread to the country, which put a lot of pressure on the base camp and the government.
Japan¡¯s top leaders held repeated discussions at the Five-phase Meeting on whether to suspend troop withdrawals and continue to send additional troops to the Chinese battlefield.
This five-phase meeting is composed of the Prime Minister, the Foreign Minister, the Tibetan Prime Minister, the Land Minister, and the Marine Minister. It has been held at any time since June of Showa 13 in order to quickly and properly decide on the countermeasures to deal with the incident in order to ensure that nothing goes wrong. In the past year or two, Many difficult problems were properly solved in that time, but the decision on the Chinese battlefield has always been delayed.
What is even more unexpected is that somehow, the news of this incident leaked out and was exposed by the media, which directly caused the Japanese military base camp and the government to become the target of public criticism.
Due to the Japanese government's leadership in withdrawing troops and the clumsy work on the establishment of the new Ministry of Trade, Japan's nationwide food shortage was becoming increasingly serious. This caused the Japanese government to not only lose the support of parliament and public opinion, but also quickly lose the support of the Japanese government. support from the Army.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? out of the Abe cabinet that had just been formed less than five months ago, announced the resignation of the general secretary on January 4, 1975. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)??This government not only lost the support of parliament and public opinion, but also quickly lost the support of the army.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? out of the Abe cabinet that had just been formed less than five months ago, announced the resignation of the general secretary on January 4, 1975. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com