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Chapter 1223 Sister Huaixiu¡¯s sextant

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    "But master, I can only receive so much shipping tax and merchant tax because of the royal shipping." Jin Xuezeng is the most dishonest guy. Every time he speaks, he has a purpose.  He pestered Zhao Hao again to leave something behind.  "When the Royal Shipping Line is gone next year, the county will be paralyzed. What kind of infrastructure will be built?"

    Now Xiao Jin already knows that the Pudong New Area on the other side is under construction in full swing. It is said that the first phase of the project will be completed next year, and the departure port of Royal Shipping will be moved from Chongming to Pudong.

    He finally understood that his master had comforted him to be strong Last year, he never dreamed that the muddy pond in Pudong would steal his golden rooster!

    "If I had known that, I would have had to get Master's permission even if I was messing around last year, and I would move Royal Shipping a few years later.

    "Don't do this." He flapped his wings, and Zhao Hao knew where he was going to fly, and said angrily: "Don't worry, what's wrong with you is that the Royal Shipping Company has moved away, and Sansha Wharf will not be idle.  "

    But Zhao Hao wouldn¡¯t tell you what the specific use was, and he couldn¡¯t tell even if he asked.

    At this time, Chen Huaixiu came over and asked him to board his ship. Zhao Hao got rid of Xiao Jin's entanglement and followed Chen Huaixiu's Pingjiang.

    As soon as we boarded the ship, the sailor sent us the maritime weather forecast issued by the Chongming Weather Station before setting sail.

    "The next three days will be sunny, with a low probability of rainfall and high visibility at sea. South winds of force 3 to 5 in the Huangshuiyang area and light waves; southerly or southeasterly winds of force 3 to 5 in the Heishuiyang area with light to moderate waves. I wish you a safe journey  ¡­¡±

    Chen Huaixiu ordered the sailors to express his sincere gratitude to the weather station. Knowing the weather and hydrology on the route in advance can greatly improve navigation safety and allow sailors to respond in advance.

    In fact, the Pingjiang is also equipped with various new instruments such as wind direction gauges, thermometers, hygrometers, and current meters. The sailors trained by the navigation school will read the numbers regularly every day and report real-time sea conditions and weather to the captain.

    In addition, a series of new navigation positioning instruments have been added to the ship - sextant, two-foot gauge, protractor and parallel ruler.

    Some of these instruments were tinkered with by Hua Shuyang and Bei Peijia, and some were used by Pinto, Alfonso and other Francois. Mr. Zhao integrated them and went to the Chongming Island Crew School in the middle of the year to teach them.  The use of these instruments, and related cartographic knowledge.

    The most crucial one, the sextant, was not available to Europeans at this time.

    The principle of the sextant is not complicated. By measuring the angle between the sun and the sea level at a certain moment, you can quickly know the latitude at that time.

    Even after later generations invented the radio positioning method, the sextant invented by Niu Zi was still widely used in navigation because of its speed and lightness.

    But the sextant currently made by Zhao Zi is far from lightweight.  It was made of brass, like a large fan, and weighed twenty-six pounds. The navigator had to fasten its lower end to his belt to keep it stable.

    This was something Mr. Zhao didn¡¯t expect at first. In his opinion, with the skilled craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty, it should not be difficult to create a palm-sized sextant by hand.  How cool would it be to hang it around your waist?

    It can be made, but the measurement results are very inaccurate.  Hua Shuyang quickly found the crux - although the principle of the sextant is very simple, it is essentially just a protractor for measuring the angle between two targets.  However, its measurement accuracy is closely related to whether the scale division is precise.  At this time, skilled craftsmen could carve patterns on rice grains, but it was difficult to accurately mark the scales on small dials.

    Therefore, we can only improve the accuracy of measurement by making it bigger.  Finally, this sextant was created with an error of 0.2 degrees. If it was hung on the belt, it would have to take off the pants.

    Just make it bigger, as long as it works.  Mr. Zhao was very satisfied and ordered his two disciples to shift their research focus to longitude measurement.

    In fact, the principle of longitude measurement is simpler. Forty years ago, Dutch astronomers proposed the idea of ??"determining longitude based on time" - since every 24 hours, the earth rotates once, that is, 360 degrees.  This is equivalent to 15 degrees of rotation per hour and 1 degree of rotation in 4 minutes.

    In this way, you only need to bring a very accurate clock to record the local time of the starting point, and use other methods to measure the local time of the current location. Then through the difference between the two times, you can easily calculate the time between the two places.  The longitude is wrong.

    Zhao Hao knew that later generations would use nautical clocks to determine the time of departure.  Use the Astronomical Almanac to determine local time.

    He originally thought that the difficulty lay in the latter, but Bei Peijia told Zhao Hao that Qin Tian Jian was specialized in doing this and they would record it accurately.

    Various celestial phenomena and the positions of the sun, moon, planets and stars within a year.  It only needs to be transcribed into an "Astronomical Almanac" according to a certain format.

    This way the voyager only needs to?After simple calculations, the local time can be determined by comparing the celestial phenomena at the location.

    However, just when Mr. Zhao was about to happily announce that the location of the Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory was set as the prime meridian, Hua Shuyang told him that the principle of this method was correct, but its effect in navigation was limited.

    The reason is that the most accurate Western clock currently has an error of about five minutes per day.  The actual error would be more than two hundred miles, and captains would be bored if they relied on it for navigation.

    ?????????????????????????????????So before researching more accurate navigation clocks when leaving home, simply measuring longitude with time is useless.

    Therefore, the dream of breaking away from dependence on the coast and sailing freely in the depths of the ocean cannot be realized for the time being

    ??~~

    But just these new navigation instruments in front of him were enough to make Chen Huaixiu admire him.

    She held a two-legged compass in her hand, looked at Zhao Hao with admiration and said, "It's really unimaginable that Mr. Master, a man who has never sailed a boat for a day, can actually invent so many new tricks, and each one is so practical.  It¡¯s like it¡¯s been refined over time¡­¡±

    "Haha, these are just simple measurements and calculations. They are no different at sea or on land." Mr. Zhao said haha, thinking that of course, and then I will fix the navigation clock for you. Can you use this set of tools?  Used four hundred years later.

    "Of course it's very simple for master and apprentice." Chen Huaixiu frowned slightly, with a hint of distress on her pretty face: "But for people like us who haven't studied for a few days, those calculations  Formulas and stuff are simply more difficult than a heavenly book."

    "Be confident, you are no different from scholars." Mr. Zhao encouraged Chen Huaixiu and sarcastically said to scholars: "If it doesn't work, just memorize it by rote. Sister Huaixiu is so smart, she must have mastered it long ago."

    "I told you, I just memorized it by rote" Chen Huaixiu looked shy and said with a childish attitude: "I understood at that time that I probably would never be able to enter science in this life."

    "If you can't get in through the front door, I'll just open the back door for you." Mr. Zhao couldn't help but smile.

    "What nonsense are you talking about" Chen Huaixiu spat, becoming even more shy.  Secretary Ma is still here

    ??The charming eyes are closed shyly, and the red lips are smiling.  The wind blows through the grape belt, and the sun shines on the pomegranate skirt.

    These few poems suddenly popped into Mr. Zhao¡¯s mind.  This strong, intelligent, courageous and beautifulespecially beautiful eldest sister seems to have completely overcome the pain of losing her husband.

    ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Really happy for her.  Pure joy¡­

    For a moment, the atmosphere in the cabin was slightly ambiguous.

    Ma Xianglan¡¯s face was as calm as ever, as if she hadn¡¯t heard anything. She only held the folder in both hands and stared at the Sansha Pier that was gradually going away.

    But I have no intention of leaving, just pretend that they don¡¯t existas long as you can do it.

    Chen Huaixiu coughed slightly in embarrassment, and quickly changed the topic: "By the way, these few times I went to sea, there were clippers of unknown origin following and watching."

    "Oh?" Zhao Hao changed his attention and said, "Didn't you catch your tongue?"

    "They are all experienced boat operators, and they are operating a four-oar single-masted speedboat, and they do not come close to us. As soon as our speedboat approached, they immediately fled far away, and the escort team failed to catch them several times." Chen Huaixiu sighed softly,  Xuan You said with relief:

    "But it shouldn't be a big problem. Our convoy is very powerful."

    According to Mr. Zhao¡¯s instructions, the Tamna Garrison District will double its military force within a year, and countless new police officers and warships need navigation training.

    Zhao Hao was also worried that the Portuguese or the southern sea masters would attack the Royal Shipping fleet, so he simply asked them to be responsible for escorting the fleet, which would kill two birds with one stone.

    As for Chongming Island, there are two security brigades, a thousand security team members stationed there, and more than 10,000 Shachuan Gang members who receive military training on a regular basis. There should be no one stupid enough to use an egg against a stone, right?

    "Eighty percent are the Great Sea Lords from the south," Zhao Hao crossed his arms and thought for a moment, "These guys are like bloodthirsty sharks, come here to find out if they smell something?"

    In fact, the main reason is that he has a monopoly on trade with Japan and does not allow ships from any other force to approach Japan.

    ??Then why not take overseas routes and bypass the Tanegashima and Tamna Islands controlled by the Gangnam Group?

    It really doesn¡¯t work.

    Because in this era, ship navigation is very dependent on land.  This is not only required for ship supply and safety, but also for navigation.

    Most navigators will get lost once their ships are far away from the land and have no coastline and known islands as reference points.

    So on the sea, there are only a few routes that predecessors risked their lives to explore. As long as the key nodes are guarded, it is equivalent to controlling the entire trade line.

    ¡°At least the ocean masters in the south do not have the ability to take overseas routes.  The Portuguese did pass through, but there were no markers and reliable navigation instruments on the sea surface, and no suitable ocean currents were found. The risk was too great to open a trade route.

    Without trade with Japan, not only the Portuguese would suffer, but the sea owners in the south would also suffer. Of course, they must find a way to pull out the nails and regain the route.

    "Let's just do this this year. Just be careful and don't give them a chance." Mr. Zhao said solemnly: "If they don't come next year, I will go south to find their bad luck!" (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel  .com)By controlling a key node, it is equivalent to controlling the entire trade line.

    ¡°At least the ocean masters in the south do not have the ability to take overseas routes.  The Portuguese did pass through, but there were no markers and reliable navigation instruments on the sea surface, and no suitable ocean currents were found. The risk was too great to open a trade route.

    Without trade with Japan, not only the Portuguese would suffer, but the sea owners in the south would also suffer. Of course, they must find a way to pull out the nails and regain the route.

    "Let's just do this this year. Just be careful and don't give them a chance." Mr. Zhao said solemnly: "If they don't come next year, I will go south to find their bad luck!" (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel  .com
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