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Chapter 746 On People¡¯s War

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    "Compared with the turmoil in Europe, China, thousands of miles away, is thinking about the same thing and working hard to build a new China. In this noisy world, there is no other branch except the Soviet Union in the north, which is working hard.

    The People's Party government's series of tough external measures have attracted the attention of major countries. All countries regard China as a new rival and are intent on guarding against it.

    Be prepared for danger in times of peace.  If someone tries to interfere with China's modernization process, can China's existing military power resist such an attempt?  In other words, Germany has the most formidable "officer corps" in more than two centuries - the model for most military general staffs in modern times. Britain has the famous Royal Navy. What does China have?  What is China's national defense strategy?

    Among all kinds of military men at home and abroad, the ones Zhang Hanqing admires include Napoleon, Mahan, Douhet, Peter I, Bismarck and Mao Zedong. If the villains can also be listed, then there is Hitler.  Their specialty lies not in military affairs, but in using their genius political acumen to grasp military changes or theories, thereby achieving military heights unreachable by their contemporaries.

    In terms of military organizational capabilities, Ludendorff, the German military god, and his "Total War" are memorable.

    Ludendorff¡¯s total war theory was proposed based on the experience and lessons of the First World War and the development level of industrial production, science and technology, and weapons and equipment in the early 20th century. It has a major role in promoting the development of modern military thought.  Hitler and his generals even used this theory in the Second World War, which had a huge impact on human history.

    First of all, Ludendorff completely abandoned the combat guiding ideology of "keeping the position at all costs".

    He believed that violent artillery fire could wipe out all the defenders in the forward position, and the position could not be defended even if the people were wiped out. Therefore, the troops should be withdrawn to the rear far away from the forward position, that is, outside the range of the enemy's artillery fire, so as to preserve the effective strength to the maximum extent.  .  This is the same principle as Mao Zedong's "Save people and lose land, and everyone and land will survive; Save land and lose people, and everyone and land will be lost."

    Secondly, Ludendorff also proposed new offensive tactics that fully utilize the advantages of artillery and maintain the suddenness and mobility of combat.

    In the battles of Saint-Marie-Lafer, Lys River and Visray from March to May 1918, according to his tactical thinking, the German army did not repeat the past bombing for a week and then attack.  The troops moved forward, and the attack was not in long horizontal lines, but in short and irregular formations.

    Their mission is to advance as far as possible regardless of what happens on the right or left wing, occupy the enemy's command post, and cut off the enemy's communication.  Pull the troops up before launching the attack to increase combat concealment, surprise, etc.

    In the early summer of 1925, Zhang Hanqing, who was summering in Beidaihe, after referring to Ludendorff's "Total War" which came out 10 years later, summarized its main ideas and views into China's future national defense strategy, and solemnly stated it at the subsequent Military Commission meeting.  proposed, the main content of which was the "people's war theory" that he later gradually formed:

    Modern war is a war of the whole nation. Not only has the war expanded to the entire territory of the participating countries, but the people involved in the war have also expanded from the army to the entire population.  In this case, "both war and politics should be subordinated to national survival, but war is the highest expression of the nation's will to survive. Therefore, politics should serve combat."

    But this does not negate Clausewitz¡¯s famous assertion that ¡°war is the continuation of politics.¡± Not only that, the issue of war should be considered in national strategy.

    The modern war here should be a war involving the mobilization of the whole people on the basis of political decisions, rather than having bellicose people sway politics - it must not be like Japan later, where the butt determines the head.

    The basis of total war is the spiritual unity of the nation.  To this end, special measures should be taken to control news and public opinion tools and suppress those who leak military information and are dissatisfied.  Use all means to carry out spiritual mobilization and make military education have racial characteristics, thereby arousing the national spirit.

    When war comes, some peacetime rules may affect or restrict military performance.  For this reason, Zhang Hanqing stipulated in the constitution that once a war breaks out or the People's Party believes that the domestic and international situation has deteriorated to the point of affecting national security, military control can be exercised upon the decision of the Political Bureau of the People's Party Central Committee. This provision is temporary  The famous "Special Status Act" in the Constitution.

    At this moment, all national power will be concentrated in the hands of the ad hoc "National Security Commission"; local power will be concentrated in the hands of the Military Control Commission composed of local standing committees.

    The "National Security | Committee" is a non-permanent one, composed of members of the Political Bureau of the People's Party, members of the Central Military Commission, and ministers responsible for the police, intelligence, diplomacy, transportation, finance, justice and other ministries. It usually holds a meeting once a year, or at  In emergencies, the Politburo/Standing Committee proposes to convene to discuss the current situation.The national situation during this period and the assessment of the future national security situation.

    As long as it is determined to be a state of war or crisis, the "National Security | Council" will automatically take over all power of the country, and Congress will automatically enter a state of recess.

    At that time, the national economy will be militarized and the peacetime economy will be wartime. Important materials such as food, clothing, and fuel will be stored in large quantities in peacetime. The issuing banks should be placed under the power of the central government to strive for self-sufficiency in war materials and expand armaments.  Industry, be prepared for a long war.

    The Panzhi system is not applicable in times of war. Arbitrary actions and improvised decisions are the only way to go.

    The National Defense Force is an important force to resist foreign aggression. It is necessary to establish a dictatorial war command system, with people with excellent talents, strong character, abundant energy, keen observation and other excellent qualities as commanders (Zhang Hanqing: I am not talking about me!  ).

    It is used to strengthen the national unity of the people and the army "on the basis of race", examine various principles and policies related to the war, guide the overall war, etc., and lead the army, navy, air force, propaganda, military technology, economy, and politics.  The National Defense Staff is composed of talented people to implement his thoughts and will.

    The Central Military Commission and the Ministry of National Defense must always make all necessary arrangements regarding the concentration of troops, the transportation and storage of food and equipment, and other matters.  So that in case of emergency, the standing troops can be fully utilized as the front-line army.

    The purpose of people's war is to mobilize all citizens to have the concept of defending their homeland and country in peacetime and to undergo certain military education.  In this way, when the war is urgent, they can enlist in the army as soon as possible, accept and complete military training tasks in a short period of time, and become qualified soldiers.

    At this moment, the "Draft on the Compulsory Military Service System" drafted by Jiang Baili and approved by Zhang Hanqing was officially introduced.

    This draft is also an education plan, and its main purpose is to show strength and warning: the responsibility for implementing this plan belongs to all citizens.  The civil administration aspect is far more important than the military aspect. It can be called the culture of warriors and the martial arts of literati.  Not only can all citizens have a healthy body, but it can also establish military awareness from an early age and get rid of the Confucian weak soldier mentality that has restrained China for thousands of years.

    This draft makes it no longer an empty talk to deploy troops among the people and all the people to be soldiers.  With a complete conscription system, it is possible for those who are summoned to come, those who come to fight, and those who fight to win.

    The "Draft of the Compulsory Military Service System" stipulates that all able-bodied citizens are obliged to participate in various military organizations: 20 to 25 years old are standing service, that is, the armed forces, officially called the Chinese People's Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force;  Those who are between the ages of 35 and 35 are in reserve service and are called "reserves"; those who are between 35 and 45 are in garrison service and are called "militia".

    Each provincial, municipal, and county-level government agency has established a People's Armed Forces Department, which is managed by the Party committee at the same level and serves as an agency for recruiting new soldiers and mobilizing national defense in the region.  The chief and deputy officers of each armed forces department are retired military officers and are responsible for the organization of reserve and militia personnel in the region.

    The armed forces are managed by the Military Commission and included in the national military finance projects; the reserve forces and militia are under local management, and the officers of the reserve force are all demobilized and retired officers; the militia is organized by grassroots rural organizations and is mainly managed by retired officers and soldiers nearby.

    Because the treatment of military personnel is far better than that of other industries in the same period, the Republic of China has also stipulated the resettlement method for retired military personnel - they can receive high-level secondary vocational re-education for free, or hold local public offices, which greatly enhances the social status of military personnel.  It is conceivable that after the implementation of the draft, the enthusiasm for joining the army will remain high in society, and a great improvement in the quality of soldiers can be expected.

    The standing force, reserve force, and armed police force of the Republic of China are all established to defend the country's independence and attack enemy aggression.  War is a major evil if it is not for defense. If the government tries its best to mediate, but the other country is not mediated, or the mediation is not harmonious, and it has to declare war as a last resort, then such a war can be said to be a war of defense.

    This draft embodies Zhang Hanqing¡¯s thinking on national strategy, and also made Jiang Baili, the then Minister of Defense, feel the young marshal¡¯s forward-looking thinking on building the country.  This concept of "people's war" and the national defense strategy proposed subsequently formed the main part of Zhang Hanqing's military thought and influenced the new generation of Chinese soldiers.

    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????¡­  However, there are different views within the People's Army on the fact that China is still under the threat of war.  The vast majority of senior officials believe that the country has been unified, foreign aggression has been basically eliminated, and the government should be committed to developing people's livelihood.

    Only Zhang Hanqing, Jiang Baili and others pointed out with incomparable perseverance: "Sooner or later, China and Japan will have a war over the issues of Kanto Prefecture and Taiwan. The political and geographical environment in Asia make this Sino-Japanese war to determine the leadership of Asia imminent."

    Even Zhang Zuolin disagreed with this statement.  After all, the old Feng clan figures who have not experienced the Anti-Japanese War really can't imagine that in the official history, the Japanese really dared to risk the disapproval of the world and boldly fight against China!

    Looking at the puzzled looks of senior party officials, Zhang Hanqing asked: "What kind of impact and passive situation will the Kanto Prefecture, located in the heart of Northeast China, have on our country's national defense strategy? Do you think the Japanese will hand over the Kanto Prefecture to us obediently?"  In Asia, at present, is there any better place than our country that can attract the attention of Japanese people?" (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)Of course.  After all, the old Feng clan figures who have not experienced the Anti-Japanese War really can't imagine that in the official history, the Japanese really dared to risk the disapproval of the world and boldly fight against China!

    Looking at the puzzled looks of senior party officials, Zhang Hanqing asked: "What kind of impact and passive situation will the Kanto Prefecture, located in the heart of Northeast China, have on our country's national defense strategy? Do you think the Japanese will hand over the Kanto Prefecture to us obediently?"  In Asia, at present, is there any better place than our country that can attract the attention of Japanese people?" (Remember the website address of this website: www.hlnovel.com
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