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Chapter 708 The Rise of National Capital

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    With the victory of the Southwest Campaign, various local forces in China suffered an unprecedented blow and decline.  After the reshuffle of China's political situation, the People's Party, with its widely supported public opinion and absolute superior military power, has formed a one-party ruling situation, and its dominant position in politics is unquestionable.

    Under these favorable circumstances, Zhang Hanqing was able to implement the aspirations he had cherished for many years, and a series of economic policies were promulgated one after another, which greatly improved the country's development.

    During this period, China's national bourgeoisie achieved particularly rapid development, far beyond what could be compared with the same period in official history.

    At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, especially after the establishment of the Republic of China, Chinese scholars began to transform from traditional literati aiming for official career to modern intellectuals.  With their active participation, Chinese businessmen emerged as outstanding new types of capitalists for the first time.

    With the purpose of saving the country through industry and the call to revitalize the national economy, they took the initiative to absorb advanced Western ideas and had the great ambition to strengthen the country and benefit the people. They demonstrated amazing talents in this space that was freer than officialdom and politics, and quickly became famous all over the country.  Popular leader.

    With their efforts, people corrected the discriminatory social stratification of "scholars, farmers, businessmen, and merchants" and strived to pursue equality and unity for all people represented by "workers, peasants, merchants, students, and soldiers."  The rise of the national bourgeoisie ushered in the first golden age of Chinese businessmen.

    "It is a pity that this golden age is hard-won, but it is fleeting.  The rise of China's national bourgeoisie has indeed gone through a difficult and long process.

    In the mid-19th century, under the dual pressure of Chinese farmers and Western powers, the centralized and authoritarian Manchu Qing Dynasty finally showed signs of collapse.  The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Nian Army and the two Opium Wars made this ruling group truly feel the "internal and external troubles". In order to deal with the "harm from the intimates" at home and the "harm from the limbs" abroad, they were forced to adopt a series of self-rescue measures.  The "New Deal", also known as the "Westernization Movement", was known as the Westernization Movement in history.

    Like all the "New Deal" that were just to maintain power without wanting to fundamentally renew civilization and political reforms, this "Westernization Movement" led by bureaucrats failed after more than thirty years.  However, its impact on traditional concepts cannot be denied.

    Although the thinking method of "Chinese learning as the body and Western learning as the application" is still conservative in nature, it implicitly and partially recognizes the advanced nature of Western civilization.

    Judging from the results, this movement did give birth to the germination of Chinese industry: Zeng Guofan's Ordnance Institute in Anqing, Li Hongzhang's Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, Steamship Investment Promotion Bureau, Kaiping Coal Mine, Tianjin Telegraph Bureau, Zuo Zongtang's Gansu Weaving Industry  The General Administration, Fujian Shipping Administration, Zhang Zhidong's Hanyang Iron Works a large number of industrial entities emerged one after another, laying the necessary foundation for the further development of national industry and accumulating experience that can be used for reference.

    What is more historically significant is that in order to adapt to the needs of "doing foreign affairs", the talent training system that has been followed for thousands of years has also undergone fundamental changes.  In August 1862, Emperor Tongzhi approved the establishment of the "Beijing Tongwen Museum", which was merged into the Capital University in 1902.  The introduction of Western-style education helped the Chinese people begin to get rid of their ignorance. They were finally able to open their eyes and peek into the distant and novel world.

    After the changes in the late Qing Dynasty, people¡¯s wisdom was opened up, and enriching the country and strengthening the people became the inevitable choice for this nation to rise again.  China's best intellectual elites have taken their own responsibility for the rise and fall of the country, and have actively devoted themselves to the comprehensive reform of politics, economy, and ideological concepts.  It was against this background that China's new businessmen emerged.

    They possess a noble character that has never been matched by businessmen in the past dynasties: regardless of personal wealth, they strive to revitalize the national economy.

    About fifty years later, when reviewing the development of my country's national industry, Mao Zedong once said that there are four people in my country's industrial circles who cannot be forgotten. They are "Zhang Zhidong who is engaged in heavy industry, Fan Xudong who is engaged in chemical industry, and transportation Lu Zuofu and Zhang Jian who was engaged in the textile industry."

    Zhang Jian and Lu Zuofu, one was the former number one scholar of the Qing Dynasty, and the other was a passionate young man who devoted himself to the national revolution. They embarked on the road of industrial salvation from different directions, and both had impressive achievements.  As a result, Zhang Jian died of illness at the age of seventy-three (1926), and Lu Zuofu committed suicide during the "Five Antis" movement launched by Mao Zedong at the age of fifty-nine (1952).

    Zhang Jian¡¯s fate revealed the hardships of saving the country through industry, while Lu Zuofu¡¯s death announced the complete end of that golden age.

    Zhang Jian is one of the iconic figures in the transformation of Chinese literati and officials into modern intellectuals.  From being a talented scholar with a reputation in the south of the Yangtze River to becoming the number one scholar in the Jiawu Year, he could have had a very good career as an official.  However, as a new scholar, he decided to give up his official career and start a new business in education and industry.??A new chemical industry base was opened in the southwest rear area to support the Anti-Japanese War and national construction.

    Zhang Hanqing must try to unite all talented patriots under his banner so that they can better serve the country.  When Fengjun entered Tianjin in 1920, Zhang Hanqing had already discussed with Fan Xudong the possibility of establishing a fertilizer production enterprise.  At that time, due to poor seed quality and lack of fertilizer, the grain yield was less than 100 kilograms per mu.  Encountering natural disasters and man-made disasters, it is really hard to go thousands of miles away.

    The land in the Northeast is fertile and is known as the "granary". The nearly 200 million acres of cultivated land can only produce 20 million tons of grain, and the average yield per mu is only 100 kilograms!  Of course, Zhang Hanqing is not as capable as Yuan Longping, a great academician, in cultivating hybrid rice.  But with chemical fertilizers, it is not difficult to double the yield.

    And as for chemical fertilizers, isn¡¯t the simplest one just ammonium bicarbonate?  It is introduced in junior high school textbooks, and there is nothing complicated about the process.  Because of the subsequent changes in the political situation, Zhang Hanqing had no time to pay attention to the "invention" of chemical fertilizers. He just explained the principles of chemical fertilizers to Fan Xudong and invested 3 million yuan to create the "Jiaqiang" fertilizer factory.

    In the spring of 1922, the first batch of chemical fertilizers had been produced and shipped, and a "high yield" of an average yield of 200 kilograms per mu was achieved at the Tangshan Agricultural Experimental Field!

    By the end of 1923, when the People's Army entered Beijing, Fan Xudong was embarking on an ambitious plan: to open "Jiaqiang" fertilizer plants to various cities across the country, with an annual output of one million tons - Zhang Hanqing replied directly  Far from enough!

    Because of Zhang Hanqing¡¯s intervention, Huang Fengting, the cheap father-in-law, was sensitive to the huge business opportunities. He personally approached Fan Xudong and said that China National Cereals and Oils Corporation could fund the establishment of a large-scale chemical group, focusing on various fertilizers for agricultural production.  Huang Fengting, who had made a lot of money with the young marshal, just spent 30 million to show his sincerity, so that he couldn't help but be tempted.

    The People's Party government has successively invested in the construction of large blast furnaces in Panzhihua, Chongqing, Kunming and other places, taking advantage of the abundant different types of iron and steel in provinces in the southwest and northwest regions, such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia and other places.  Mineral resources have become the raw material base for blast furnace production of large and medium-sized steel plants such as Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Chongqing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and Kunming Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.

    With China Coal Group and China Iron and Steel Group being two major drag forces, as long as the government provides policy guidance, countless funds, technologies, and personnel will flock to these resource-rich areas like flies.

    The industry at that time relied on coal mines as the main fuel, so the coal output can show the degree of industrialization.  Steamships and railroads are the most important inventions of the industrial era and have the potential to accelerate subsequent growth. Their growth rates symbolize future acceleration potential.  By the end of 1924, the output of steel, cement, and coal had approached or exceeded Japan.

    At this stage, China¡¯s completed railway mileage is 85% of Japan¡¯s, the number of railways under construction is 1.5 times that of Japan, and the total mileage of railways under planning is four times that of Japan.  China's modern manufacturing industry grew to 2.5%, plus modern transportation and commerce accounted for 4%.  The gradual optimization of the economic structure has laid a material foundation for China to get rid of its status as a weak country.

    Comparing the Sino-Japanese War, the Anti-Japanese War and the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, in these three wars, whether the country can produce enough military supplies and transport these military supplies to the front line in time is an important factor in determining the outcome of the war.

    At the end of 1924, at the turn of the year, the Ping-Tianjin region, Shanxi and the Yangtze River Delta (mainly Shanghai) regions had returned to pre-war economic levels, which resulted in a substantial increase in the central government's fiscal revenue and provided guarantee for the country's economic and military construction.

    At the same time, Japan was still suffering from the lingering pain of the Great Kanto Earthquake, which caused huge trauma to the national economy.  Because most of the buildings in Tokyo and Yokohama, which are industrial centers, were destroyed, property losses amounted to 10 billion yen, which made the Japanese economy, which was already in a deep depression, even worse.

    After the earthquake, from 1923 to 1927, the Japanese government borrowed huge foreign debt from the United States, Britain and other countries, amounting to US$910 million.  Relying on borrowed money and reserves obtained during the war, the Japanese government issued relief loans of up to 1.3 billion yen to major domestic consortiums. In this way, the Japanese economy gradually emerged from depression and entered a period of slow development.

    The economic ebb and flow of the two countries at this stage allowed the People's Party, headed by the Feng faction, to continue to level Japan's fiscal revenue last year after taking control of Beijing, and once again overwhelm Japan with impressive performance of nearly one and a half times.  People are left behind.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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