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The U.S. government has expressed concern about the situation in Northeast China. If a war breaks out, Japan will inevitably arm its army and use its entire body to force all countries to increase their military investment in the Asia-Pacific. This is in line with the general trend of disarmament and peace after World War I. Doesn¡¯t match.
Therefore, the U.S. and British ambassadors to Japan mediate disputes between the two countries under the instructions of their respective domestic governments.
After convening consecutive emergency cabinet meetings, it was foreseen that the Sino-Japanese war might be a protracted war of attrition. Japan did not have preparations and plans for a full-scale war, and the Japanese government had to ease the situation.
On the 15th, Japan¡¯s Foreign Minister issued a statement on the current situation: ¡°The Japanese government has never and will never raise so-called unreasonable claims against China¡¯s territory. Japan will strictly bind its military personnel in accordance with the Washington Treaty. actions in Manchuria and North China, and abide by Japan¡¯s obligations to ensure China¡¯s sovereignty and territorial integrity.¡±
On the same day, the Japanese troops stationed in Changchun began to withdraw to Guandong Prefecture, the Japanese troops in Shenyang also returned to their original military camps, the Japanese and plainclothes teams in Tianjin also ceased their activities, and the situation in Northeast and North China temporarily eased.
However, this is only because the current situation is unfavorable to Japan, not because it has voluntarily given up its ambition to invade China. Because of the military investment in the intervention in Siberia, Japan's domestic finances were overwhelmed.
?Perhaps Russia was born to be the nemesis of the Japanese? In the past, the Japanese government was intimidated by the Russian bear's appearance of strength. The Japanese government could only find some sweet spots in the corner of Russia's mouth. In the great situation of the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895, the Russians were forced to give up some of their interests and spit out the Liaodong Peninsula. That's food for the mouth.
We finally won a great victory in the Russo-Japanese War, but we did not get any benefit from it. The Russians' unrelenting war potential made them timid, especially after hearing that the Far East Railway had been completed, the Japanese wisely chose to give up war reparations and carve up Northeast China with Russia.
Will it be better if Russia is divided internally? After four years of interference, in addition to causing a lot of embarrassment, it did not gain any advantage. So much so that at the 45th session of the Diet in 1922, influential and knowledgeable members such as Ozaki Yukio and Masaki Teruzou severely questioned the government: "Since the seventh year of Taisho, (1918) It has been more than three years since we sent troops to Siberia, at a cost of 600 to 700 million yuan, and more than 3,000 people were sacrificed. What have we gained? It has attracted suspicion from other countries and resentment from the Russians, and complaints from the people at home, that's all!"
However, Japan was unwilling to fail and actively lobbied governments of various countries to impose an arms embargo on China and demanded that China respond to the spirit of the "Washington Treaty" and implement troop reductions in order to suppress China's development in terms of military strength. At the same time, he instructed Manchuria Railway and other institutions to prepare for a financial war in the Northeast to destroy the economic foundation of the Feng clique.
Zhang Hanqing is not afraid of this. When China is building tractors and cars in the fight for industry, Toyota is still playing with looms. Under his leadership, China started faster than Japan and its starting point was much higher.
In terms of international trade, between 1916 and 1919, Japan's exports to China increased by 159.6%, its proportion of China's foreign trade increased from 23% in 1913 to 43.5% in 1918, and its investment in China jumped from fourth place before the war to It is on par with the UK in first place. In contrast, China has very little investment in Japan, and it is completely in a state of deficit, which makes China suffer no loss.
After another three years of development, the military-industrial capabilities of the Fengcheng faction have risen to a new level. They are so huge that even Japan dare not look directly at them. This is why Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Hanqing dare to withstand Japan.
The Shenyang Arsenal achieved an annual output of 150 mountain artillery pieces the year before last, and last year it was increased to 180 pieces due to expansion of production. In this way, those who are close to the water are first served. The ten divisions of the Fengjun already have full artillery regiments, and the People's Army has also equipped them. Six divisions, and the other divisions were equipped with at least one artillery battalion.
Considering the huge investment in various arsenals, the monthly production capacity of the Shenyang arsenal alone has doubled this year, not to mention that the arsenals in Lanzhou and Hanyang have begun large-scale mass production. Assuming that there are still four months until the end of the year, plus the artillery collected by various local miscellaneous units, it is no longer a matter of equipping all divisional artillery regiments of the People's Army before the end of the year.
In terms of mortars, the Liao 11 80mm and 150mm models were developed and put into production in 1922. This heavy mortar, which is easy to carry and plays a great role in infantry fire support, is the first large-caliber mortar in China. It shows that Fengjun is already at the forefront of various warlords in terms of weapon development.
This is not enough.
Due to the popularization of artillery, it has become more convenient to study the performance of artillery. Therefore, Fengjun is also at the forefront of the country in improving artillery equipment. In the past, the observation equipment of artillery units mainly consisted of artillery scopes. Later, precision telemeters became popular.
The Northeast Artillery has mastered the shooting technology of unobserved test firing and effective firing as shown in the picture, as well as the latest artillery technology of occupying sheltered positions, which was advanced in the country at that time.
In addition, there is the only one in ChinaA total of 24 155mm heavy howitzers from the Anhui border defense force were also organized into heavy artillery regiments and joined the Fengjun sequence, under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Military Commission.
Zhang Hanqing is also preparing to build a new production line at the Shenyang Arsenal to trial-produce larger-caliber cannons and howitzers on the basis of the existing 75mm mountain cannon.
It should be noted that although the Army Division of the Republic of China followed the Japanese army's establishment, its divisional artillery was much more advanced in organization. Its artillery regiments were all standard 54 guns, instead of the Japanese army's 36 guns. At that time, there were 18 guns. The organization of the artillery battalion is rare in the world.
The reason for this organization must be that China has been devastated by artillery and giant ships since the Opium War. It is a firepower priority theory coming from the upper echelons of the military. Anyway, although the national strength was weak at the time of Beiyang, the Beiyang Army Division was equipped with real equipment. Compared with the later divisions that were not full of personnel and had no artillery and horses, they were incomparable.
The 18-gun artillery battalion was more powerful than the 12-gun artillery battalion commonly used by various countries at the time. Not to mention, the firepower response speed was faster than that of the 12-gun artillery battalion, especially the Japanese Army that used 3 companies and 4 guns at that time. Twice as fast.
The advantage of this organization is that at that time, the most basic tactical artillery position was the artillery company-level position. When an artillery position composed of 6 artillery pieces needed to adjust the horizontal shooting angle, most of them only needed to move in place to adjust the shooting angle of the artillery itself. In particular, the effect became more prominent after the Guan retreated artillery was heavily equipped with the Beiyang Army.
At that time, when the Japanese Army's artillery battery adjusted the horizontal firing angle, the number of times it needed to move the artillery position was 3 or 4 times that of the 6-gun artillery battery.
In addition, each infantry regiment of the Fengtian Army is equipped with a 12-gun mortar company, and each infantry company is equipped with a 3-machine gun squad.
Although the number of weapons is not enough now, considering that Hanyang Arsenal and Lanzhou Ordnance Factory have begun to produce small quantities of artillery and mass-produce machine guns and mortars, a large amount of equipment is distributed to the army every day. Fengjun and the People's Army The strength is only stronger than one day.
As for the Japanese's demand for China to disarm, the Zhangs and his son clearly understood the Japanese's evil intentions: the country is divided into pieces, and the army is not even enough to defend the country, and it has to be abolished. It is really a ridiculous thing in the world!
However, in response to public opinion, Zhang Hanqing stated that the People's Army will no longer add new army divisions and maintain the current designation of 13 divisions. However, he also privately ordered qualified troops to appropriately increase the number of recruits, and in the future, the system of 2 brigades and 4 regiments will be transformed into a "reinforced division" of 2 brigades and 6 regiments.
This is the practice of changing the soup without changing the medicine.
Under the favorable situation of the nationwide anti-Japanese war, at 1:00 pm on the 12th, the elite 4th Division of the Central China People's Army, which had already been assembled in Bengbu and on standby, boarded a train and rushed to Jinan, the front line of the anti-Japanese war in North China, preparing to fight hard against hard and end Japan's offensive on the Jiaoji Line control.
At this time, due to the signing of the "Washington Treaty", Japan had been forced to withdraw from its army in Shandong, leaving only some road guards to "maintain" the order of the Jiaoji Line.
The Jiaoji Line is the gateway to and from Shandong from the sea. It is also connected to the Jinpu Line (Beijing-Shanghai Line), so its location is very important. How could Zhang Hanqing, who had been eyeing this opportunity for a long time, let go of this good opportunity? If the Japanese road guards dare to stop them, they can just start fighting; if they don't stop them, the People's Army can directly enter Shandong.
Although Tian Zhongyu, the governor of Lu, knew that the people's army came with bad intentions and "asked the gods to come in and save the gods," he not only did not dare to protest when the "all people resisted Japan", but even pretended to express welcome and full support.
The direct flank territory, which had been inaccessible for many years through all possible means, finally opened its door at this time. Zhang Hanqing originally wanted to use this opportunity to enter Shandong, and he finally understood why Chiang Kai-shek had to "fight the outside world first and settle the inside first": if he is not careful, the political power will really fall apart!
With the growth of the Feng Faction and the People's Army and their toughness against Japan, people of insight in Japan have expressed concerns, believing that a unified China will have an unpredictable impact on Japan's interests in China.
Due to the defeat of the Anhui clique and the fading out of Duan Qirui, it was too late for Japan to support its agents in China again, and there was currently no more influential force in the political arena of the Republic of China than the Zhili and Fengcheng cliques.
The key point is that the People's Army is really fighting, but Japan is not ready yet
The Zhili family is a long-established British and American agent. Although it is currently replaced by Zhang Hanqing, it is a bit difficult for them to turn around and fall into the arms of the Japanese due to their disconnected relationship.
The Feng Faction has become too big to lose, and its strength has far exceeded any force in China. If they want them to surrender, Japan does not have such a big trump card.
The Kuomintang, headed by Sun Yat-sen, seems to have always had a good relationship with Japan. Unfortunately, a hairless phoenix is ??not as good as a chicken. After losing the Guangdong base camp, apart from having some moral influence, it has made no military achievements. This is a bottomless pit, and the Japanese do not want to It's a waste of resources.
what to do?
Zhang Hanqing has already given the answer on behalf of Fengxi. On the occasion of celebrating the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Party in 1922, he announced to the country, Japan, Britain, the United States, and the world that China would cherish the hard-won peace, respect the Nine-Power Convention, and recognize the provisions of the Treaty of Portsmouth. As for Japan, the Republic of China government will adopt a more open attitude to ensure the existing interests of various countries in China.
He concluded that China¡¯s biggest task at this stage is to integrate resources, eliminate poverty, and build a unified government of the Republic of China. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)p;What to do?
Zhang Hanqing has already given the answer on behalf of Fengxi. On the occasion of celebrating the fifth anniversary of the founding of the People's Party in 1922, he announced to the country, Japan, Britain, the United States, and the world that China would cherish the hard-won peace, respect the Nine-Power Convention, and recognize the provisions of the Treaty of Portsmouth. As for Japan, the Republic of China government will adopt a more open attitude to ensure the existing interests of various countries in China.
He concluded that China¡¯s biggest task at this stage is to integrate resources, eliminate poverty, and build a unified government of the Republic of China. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com - Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report
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