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At that time, the Anhui army was still very strong and concentrated in the Zhili area. In terms of troop mobilization, it had a huge advantage over the scattered Zhili army.
When the forward troops of the Zhili Army arrived in Zhuozhou, Duan Qirui appointed himself the commander-in-chief of the "Dingguo Army", Xu Shuzheng was the deputy commander-in-chief and chief of staff, and Duan Zhigui was the commander-in-chief of the former enemy. The troops were divided into two groups: the west route of the Anhui Army, with Duan Zhigui as the commander, governed the Liu Xun of the 15th Division, Qu Tongfeng of the 1st Border Defense Division, and Chen Wenyun of the 3rd Division captured Gaobeidian from Zhuozhou, with a strength of about 40,000; the East Route Army of the Anhui Army, with Xu Shuzheng as its commander, had a strength of 2. division, the 9th and 13th Army Divisions, and three mixed brigades, about 60,000 people.
The Zhili Army was also divided into two groups for confrontation: Wu Peifu, the commander-in-chief of the west route, Wang Chengbin, the commander-in-chief of the rear route, Cao Ai, the commander-in-chief of the east route, with the strength of the 3rd Division and Cao Jiao, Wang Chengbin, Xiao Yaonan, Peng Shouxin and other mixed brigades, about four More than 10,000 people.
In comparison, with 40,000 troops against 100,000 troops, the Zhili army was at a numerical disadvantage. However, the Zhili army was a veteran of many battles. They had fought their way through the bloody battles on the front lines with the Confederate army, and their actual combat capabilities were far stronger than those of the Anhui clique. In particular, Wu Peifu's Third Division has always been the main candidate for the southern expedition. Its military morale, morale and combat effectiveness are the best in Beiyang. Cao Kun relied on his new force to stand on the wall between the Zhizhi and Anhui cliques.
??The Anhui clique is temporarily deployed from the garrison troops of each province. It has many inconveniences when fighting across provinces. When fighting with the south, they all stay behind and want to take advantage of the situation. As soon as the war strings tightened, I felt timid in my heart. Not to mention the newly built 3rd Division and 4th Brigade of the Border Guard. They are simply terrifying in numbers. None of the new recruits have seen blood. It is conceivable that they have such combat effectiveness.
And the most terrible thing is that the generals have no fighting spirit, including Duan Qirui as the commander-in-chief.
The Beiyang warlords seem to be numerous groups, but most of them trace back no more than two generations and most of them share the same clan. Some of them are classmates, fellow villagers and even neighbors. Many of their differences are not irreconcilable. There is one among them and one among them. For example, in the Zhili-Anhui War, the first division of the Anhui Clan that participated in the war was the guard that Feng Guozhang originally brought to Gyeonggi Province, so it declared neutrality before arriving at the front line, and many officers and soldiers in the "Border Defense Force" were "married or related" to the Zhili Army officers and soldiers. "He said he would not fight" and "that if he wanted the army to fight, he would have to change the officers to another class."
When Qu Tongfeng, the first general of Duan's army, took the oath, he didn't know why he was fighting. He was at a loss for words. He only said to the soldiers: "This war cannot be described in name. But if we don't fight it, Come and fight." He then said to the officers: "This war is between those who have received military education in military schools and those who have not." This was to encourage the officers and soldiers of the Anhui Army.
Duan Qirui also acted benevolently and righteously in the war. Comparing the combat capabilities of the two armies, the Anhui army has an aviation force and a heavy artillery unit, while the Zhizhi army does not, and it does not have anti-aircraft artillery to shoot aircraft. The Anhui army has an obvious advantage. However, Duan Qirui could not bear to strictly order the aviation team to drop bombs, and ordered the heavy artillery team "not to use heavy artillery unless it is absolutely necessary."
How can we fight this battle?
Therefore, when Shang Qiheng later analyzed the reasons for the defeat of the Anhui army, he said: "Although the defeat of the Anhui army was related to heavy rains and internal changes in the Anhui army, the important reason for the defeat was 'the emphasis on benevolence and righteousness during the march.'"
Zhang Zuolin saw that the main force of the Anhui clique's army had been transferred to the south of Beijing and that the rear was empty, so he prepared to take the opportunity to start an uprising. In the name of uncovering the subversive activities of the Anhui clique in the three eastern provinces, he announced Xu Shuzheng's eight major crimes and sent a telegram to clear the emperor.
In order to avoid fighting on two fronts, Duan Qirui asked Xu Shichang to use a presidential decree to require all armies to return to their original defenses. In this way, Fengjun would not be allowed to enter the pass. Zhang Zuolin kept doing nothing and contacted the Shunzhi Provincial Council, Tianjin General Chamber of Commerce, and the Zhili Chamber of Commerce Federation to announce Duan Qirui's three major crimes:
"Regards Donghai (president Xu Shichang) as a puppet, treats fellow officials like slaves, bosses around, and is popular. Although Jin Yunpeng is his prot¨¦g¨¦, since he is the prime minister, the system should be above supervision. Duan Qirui is related to the academy. The letters are all handwritten with the words "delivered to the Academy" or "Ministry of Affairs". If the subordinates are ordered to convey it to the Academy, they will directly write "Official Supervisor's Order" and "To be delivered to the Prime Minister and the Chief Minister for processing", etc., as if he is the head of state. Now he has changed the seal of the head of state without authorization. The order forced the head of state to issue the seal and ribbon freely. Where is the discipline? This is one of the biggest crimes. He trusted Cao Lu and borrowed 50 million yuan in daily payment to hand over the rights to the forest and mineral resources of the three eastern provinces and the Manchuria-Mongolia Rehe Railway. They also signed contracts with Japan for the Jiaoji, Gaoxu, Shunji railways, etc., so that Shandong would become the continuation of the three eastern provinces. They even entered into a military agreement, and the Japanese army invaded Northern Manchuria under the pretense of participating in war training, and the Japanese officers Take our military power. As for those who agree to sign a German treaty and advocate direct negotiation, they are all for the purpose of flattering foreigners and destroying their country. This is the second major crime. When Duan was in Yuan Xiangcheng, he often used Xiangcheng's appointment power and used money to buy junior officers. , instigating rebellion against Shangguan. Unexpectedly, since he came to power, he has intensified his efforts He used money extensively to unite the armies of various provinces to consolidate himself, so that the number of troops increased and the financial resources were exhausted.?This is the third major sin. "
At the end of the telegram, it accused Duan Qirui of not being as honest as most people said. It pointed out: "The house in the Tianjin Free Concession was purchased by Xu Shuzheng in the first year of the Republic of China with money from Hanyang and 130,000 yuan divided into profit segments; Zeng Yunpei He used the Anfu Party membership fees to build Duan a four-season house in spring, summer, autumn and winter; he also pocketed the balance of two million yuan from restoration debt repayments; Duan had one million yuan worth of shares in the Sino-Japanese Exchange Bank."
If you want to impose a crime, why bother? Not to mention the nail on the evidence board? Zhang Zuolin's long-prepared battle plan was quickly communicated to all ministries: Ji Jinchun's 28th Division left Shanhaiguan along the Beijing-Fengxian Line to attack Tangshan and Tianjin; Zhang Jinghui led the 16th Division out of Chifeng, attacked Duolun, Guyuan, and Chicheng, and pushed into Zhangjiakou . Sun Liechen was the commander-in-chief of the Fengjun outside the Pass, coordinating the war effort.
Before Zhang Zuolin announced that he would send troops into the Pass on July 13, Duan was very confident in the battle to "query for Zhizhi". He once boasted that Baoding would be captured in just five days after the war began. His confidence was based on his belief that the war would begin. The army will not help the Zhijun. Because he believed that although Zhang Zuolin was at odds with Xu Shuzheng, he also had great conflicts with Cao Kun and Li Chun of the direct line. Therefore, Duan estimated that Zhang Zuolin must be sitting outside the pass and watching the success or failure, and would not easily place bets on the Zhili-Anhui conflict, that is, Said Zhang Zuolin would remain neutral.
Duan believed that as long as Zhang Zuolin remained neutral, he would be sure to defeat the Zhi Army. How did we know that on the 13th, we received a military report that Fengjun's 16th and 28th divisions had entered the pass, and then learned that Fengjun had deployed defenses on Jingfeng Road, Jinpu Road, Machang, and Junliangcheng. It really panicked him.
No matter how bad Zhang Zuolin is with Xu Shuzheng, he should not stab the Anhui clique's already shaky military morale at this time. This was an obvious sign that the Feng clan would take action, and Duan Qirui no longer hesitated at this point. He dispatched part of the 13th Division and the 15th Division of the Eastern Route Army to attack Fengjun separately.
Taking advantage of the Anhui faction's surprise, they shot in the back. The situation was originally good for the Feng army, but Zhang Jinghui's frontline commander, 32nd Brigade Commander Zou Duofen, underestimated the enemy and rushed in. The main force was still in Duolun. He had already advanced to Zhangjiakou, but unexpectedly Plunge into the pocket of the Anhui army.
I thought that the Anhui army would not be able to sustain for long under the attack from the front and rear of Zhili and Fengcheng. He could take the opportunity to seize a piece of territory. Don¡¯t you see that the young marshal is making great progress and is already king in the northwest? Zhang Jinghui is an old man in the Fengjun army. He still holds the position of division commander. Doesn't he have no military exploits? Therefore, Zou Duofen gave him strong support.
Surrounding him was Xu Shuzheng, who was full of energy.
When Feng Jun was stabbed in the back, the soldier with a strong temper moved his sparks. In addition to a small number of troops to contain the Zhili Army, the main forces of the 2nd Division of the Border Guards and the 13th Army Division were fully pressed. They were also assisted by about 20,000 people from the remaining Yi Army stationed in Rehe (now retreated to Zhangjiakou) to attack Fengjun. A nice counterattack. Zhang Jinghui only had one division, and when he was exhausted from the expedition, he would be defeated in a single battle by surprise. Then concentrate the winning forces and turn around to fight the Zhi army. This is also a good strategy to avoid falling into a bitter battle between two ends.
???????????? Zou Duofen, who dressed lightly and wanted to make a big deal, was forced to do so
The frontal defense line was blown down, and the three iron fists that passed through cut off the connection between his command post and the two regiments. And the most annoying thing was that an artillery shell hit his waist. He, the brigade commander, Seriously injured. What's even more terrible is that without the large troops, the Zhili army directly broke into the brigade headquarters and actually captured him alive.
This was the first major defeat for Fengjun since its establishment, and it was on a key battlefield.
Zhang Zuolin was furious after hearing the news. According to the plan of him, Zhang Hanqing and other senior officials, this battle should be easy to win. Taking advantage of the fierce struggle between Zhijiang and Anhui to capture Zhangjiakou, an important town in Gyeonggi Province, and complete the de facto occupation of Rehe and Chahar outside the Great Wall, it can be regarded as a great contribution to this counterattack. After the war, we still have to rely on this battle to bargain with the Zhili Clan (Ji Jinchun's troops cannot fight on the Beijing-Fengtian line because so many foreign forces are there, and that army is just to take advantage of the opportunity to occupy Tianjin). Now that we have suffered a huge defeat, it doesn¡¯t matter if we lose face. How can we share the north with the Zhili in the future? I originally wanted to pick the fruit, but now it seems I have to pull out the thorns!
Zhang Hanqing was even more anxious. Zhangjiakou is his important barrier in the northwest and must be won: his northwest army is located in a poor land, and important supplies currently travel between Inner and Inner Mongolia via horseback. If Zhangjiakou is lost, it will be equivalent to cutting the northwest and northeast into two geographically!
Not only that, he also planned to take advantage of this opportunity to connect Re, Cha, and Sui, and build a railway from Zhangjiakou to Jining to Guisui to Baotou to Lanzhou, opening up the Northeast, What about the Northwest Passage? Although it has been difficult to build these railways in history, it is related to the national economy and people's livelihood, so someone always has to do it, right? Moreover, it is much closer to enter the Northeast from Zhangkou than through Mongolia. Besides, Zhangjiakou¡ª¡ªChengde¡ª¡ªFuxin¡ª¡ªShenyang is also his plan to completely avoid Japan, Britain and other powers to connect North China to Northeast China.
Zhang Hanqing, who was well aware of Zhang Jinghui's disadvantages, decided to go into battle personally. He personally led the reinforced camp composed of the Northeastern Military Academy student teaching team to rush to the front line at night, but before he could take over, the battle miraculously ended! (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)?. He personally led the reinforced camp composed of the Northeastern Military Academy student teaching team to rush to the front line at night, but before he could take over, the battle miraculously ended! (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com