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In the early morning of the next day, the cold wind howled, and a white flag flew out of Yinchuan City. According to Ma Fuxiang's negotiation with the "Anxi Army", the Yinchuan defenders, with their heads hanging down, lined up in loose formations and marched out of the city to surrender.
Ma Hongbin also put down his weapons after receiving the order, and for a while, the Pingluo garrison Ma Hongkui's troops also settled peacefully. Cities in northeastern Ningxia surrendered without a fight. On December 7, the "Anxi Army" and the left and right Route Army met in Zhongwei, Ningxia, an important city in the north of the Yellow River.
It was the middle of winter, and it was not easy to replenish the logistics of the "Anxi Army". Zhang Hanqing, Guo Songling, and Han Linchun assigned various units to defend key areas, and sent people to negotiate with various factions in Lanzhou to peacefully resolve Gansu.
During this break, Zhang Hanqing issued a series of famous programmatic documents and carried out the famous Zhongwei adaptation of the army. This reorganization is the culmination of the previous changes in the Guards Division and the First Division in the Northeast, and it is also the first time that the banner of "the Party manages the army" has been fully displayed.
The Anxi Military Command was renamed the Northwest People's Army and was affiliated with the People's Party Military Commission and its Northwest Branch. Zhang Hanqing is concurrently the chairman of the Northwest Military Committee of the People's Party and the commander-in-chief of the Northwest People's Army, Han Linchun is the vice chairman and deputy commander, Guo Songling is the chief of general staff, Wang Yizhe is the director of the general political department, and the former deputy commander of the Fengjun First Division Pei Chunsheng, independent Brigade commanders Qi Enming and Song Jiuling, and "Anmeng Army" cavalry brigade commander Zhang Chengde were all members and jointly formed the Northwest Military Commission.
This is the first time that the People's Army was born in a name other than Fengjun, marking that Zhang Hanqing has become a completely independent pole of the Fengtian faction. Emphasize that the army is the party's army and insist on the People's Party's absolute leadership over the army.
In order to distinguish it from the five-color flag of the Fengjun Army, Zhang Hanqing personally designed the military flag of the People's Army: it was designed as a red flag with yellow | stars like the party flag, but it lacked four surrounding small stars, and added a knife under the yellow | star. The guard shape with crossed guns means that the army defends the People's Party. The party and the army are closely related.
The purpose of the People's Army is to "defend the country and defend the people", which is different from the original Northeast New Deal, which mainly emphasized that the Fengjun is the army of the "Northeast people". Because Zhang Hanqing's eyes have been directed to a broader world, his army no longer only wants to protect the Northeast, but also wants to protect the whole of China. Protecting the country and the people is the most noble goal and the source of combat effectiveness of all Chinese and foreign armies.
Systematically, we will implement the establishment of branches up to companies, and gradually expand the proportion of People's Party members in the army. Clarify the responsibilities of the political department established under each minister: responsible for the promotion of political, military, and foreign policies, morale boosting, war mobilization, promotion and punishment, and ideological education. Wang Yizhe's student army originally existed as the backbone, but now it was directly dispersed and assigned to various ministries. These students, who had experienced the baptism of war and armed their brains with revolutionary theories, quickly transformed all kinds of old armies into people's Big fan of the party.
Each division, brigade, and regiment implements a centralized system under the leadership of the party committee. Major decisions must be approved by the majority of the chief and deputy officers, chief of staff, director of the political department, and director of logistics. If the votes are close, for military issues, the commander-in-chief shall The director has the final decision-making power; for political matters, the director of the political department has the final veto power.
Emphasizing the unity of officers and soldiers, establishing a "soldier management committee" at the company headquarters, prohibiting corporal punishment of soldiers, and experimenting with the sergeant system.
Improve the literacy rate of officers and soldiers, follow the "Three Major Disciplines and Eight Points of Attention", and build a new type of people's army. All surrenders, reorganizations, and newly promoted troops need policy guidance from the People's Party and the establishment of a political department to strengthen management.
The various reorganization matters revolve around one principle: the party controls the army. Previously in the Northeast, due to the fact that the veteran generals of the Feng Faction were self-contained, it was impossible to fundamentally solve the problem of military control in the short term. Now, in this place that is never far away from the central | The principle of "absolute leadership of the military" became possible. This was also the beginning of Zhang Hanqing's official announcement that "the People's Army is an army led by the People's Party |".
In addition, Zhang Hanqing also decided that, except for the three eastern provinces, places controlled by the People's Party will adhere to the spirit of "Central Guard Reorganization" and conduct such reorganization training for their troops.
Now it is time to put the party's management of the government on the agenda. Xing'an and Mongolia, which were completely conquered by Zhang Hanqing, have implemented the idea of ??"the party controls the government" in their actions. In Zhongwei, this approach has risen to the theoretical level.
In the "Measures for Implementing Party Management in Areas Controlled by the People's Army", Zhang Hanqing clearly proposed that in accordance with the formulations in the People's Party's Party Founding Declaration and Organizational Measures, in Xing'an, Mongolia, and Ningxia and other controlled areas, the establishment of a party under the leadership of the provincial party committee secretary The collective leadership system of the People's Party Provincial Committee has been implemented from the top down to cities, counties, townships and villages.
In order to strengthen the party¡¯s power, for provincial garrison troops, the secretary of the provincial party committee and the first secretary of the army will be appointed by the province where they are located.??
The "Zhongwei Adaptation" established the People's Party's position in the army and government, improved the fighting spirit of the middle and lower classes, especially the soldiers, and enhanced its status in the hearts of the people. Its influence was far-reaching, and even at that time, it deeply shocked both inside and outside the country.
The old school represented by Zhang Jinghui, Tang Yulin and others were very disgusted with Zhang Hanqing's methods - these old-style soldiers were accustomed to keeping their promises. They did not realize the huge potential and role of the People's Party at the beginning. The implementation of centralization in the army not only They divided their military power and restricted their various privileges.
They have already criticized the People's Party's subtle influence in the Northeast and the Fengjun Army. Now they want to decentralize power openly and set up a so-called director of the Political Department to suppress their power. This is what they want no matter what. Hard to agree to. They objected on the pretext that the military should not engage in so-called dishonesty, and that when the time comes, multiple leaders or disagreements would affect the reliability of the military.
The sergeant faction headed by Sun Liechen, Zhang Zuoxiang, and Yu Zhen were puzzled by Zhang Hanqing's love for Zhang Zuolin because they were loyal to Zhang Zuolin, but they did not comment. The young marshal faction headed by Jiang Dengxuan and Mi Chunlin, and the powerful local faction headed by Wang Yongjiang and Zhang Guogan admired Zhang Hanqing's adaptation very much, and they clamored to promote this practice throughout the Northeast.
Zhang Zuolin has no worries that Zhang Hanqing will have different aspirations - his father's legacy is inherited by his son, and he has always trained Zhang Hanqing as his future heir. If the Zhongwei adaptation can really increase Zhang Hanqing's control over the army, he will definitely support it - ¡ª¡ªHe relied on conspiracy and gangsterism to gain the support of everyone. Zhang Hanqing is a literary person, and it is difficult to succeed if he follows his old path of panic.
But he was afraid that it would affect his dominant position. If the army was in turmoil and Zhang Hanqing was unable to control the army, his many years of hard work would be in vain. He deliberately sought the advice of his old partner Wu Junsheng, but Wu Junsheng was very calm: "Commander, everything is decided by you. I, Wu Datongue, will always follow your lead."
After repeated weighing, Zhang Zuolin ordered that the "Zhongwei adaptation" be limited to the northwest, and the military establishment of the northeastern provinces remained as it was.
Regarding Zhang Hanqing's "Zhongwei adaptation", various parties have had mixed reactions. The main powerful factions such as the Zhili and Anhui clique believe that the military should be nationalized and political parties should only be political organizations. If each party is allowed to have an army loyal to itself, even if the president is elected according to legal procedures, it will still be a new round of division. They mobilized the masses and students in Beijing and Tianjin who did not know the truth, and denounced him in groups, claiming that Zhang Hanqing was a new type of warlord.
Sun Yat-sen, on the other hand, felt painfully that he had no military power in his hands. As the Prime Minister of the Kuomintang, he was unable to implement the decree. He deeply realized that the party must be supplemented by military equipment. This was also consistent with his philosophy of governing the country through military government and political training to transition to constitutional government, so he reciprocated. Meaning of support and understanding. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com