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Chapter 350 Secretly crossing Chencang

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    People with a lot of food naturally choose another way, which is to sell their surplus food.

    But food is an important material and must be purchased by the government. Black market transactions are illegal.  Agricultural taxes are already levied based on the market price of grain, so you won¡¯t be able to make money by selling grain on the black market. There¡¯s no reason for that!

    ??In this way, the common people sell grain to the government at a unified purchase price, and the government then unifies foreign transactions to earn the price difference. This work will be taken care of by Huang Xianting, a young and powerful businessman.  He was appointed director of the Northeast Grain Administration and began to use his business skills to contribute to his good son-in-law Zhang Hanqing's money-making plan.  For Huang Fengting, who is familiar with this business, having the opportunity to gather grain from the entire Northeast is a big test that he has not encountered in half his life, but he likes it. This is also a symbolic event for the Huang family's comeback.

    The grassroots grassroots of the People's Party, which was omnipresent, gave Huang Fengting strong support for his grain collection work through overwhelming propaganda, and also gave him confidence.  The People's Party has organized a large number of "policy lecture groups and working groups" to convey government policies to the rural level.

    ? Collecting grain at a low price and selling it at a high price seems to be a huge profit.  After all, after excluding consumption, transportation and storage costs and the salary of handling personnel, the remaining price difference is a net profit.  But Zhang Hanqing was not satisfied. He didn't even want to pay out-of-pocket money - the government was too short of money.

    Therefore, he requested that the purchase of grain should not be paid directly in cash, but that the people should choose treasury bills or grain stamps.

    The principal is marked on the treasury bills, and a certain amount of interest is agreed upon for one, two or three years respectively. After maturity, the government will pay the principal and interest in full in cash, and the cashing place is at the finance office of each township.  Of course, to attract storage, the longer the period, the higher the interest rate.  For example, the interest rate on a one-year Treasury bill is 3%, two-year interest rate is 7%, and three-year interest rate is 12%.

    It is equivalent to storing food for a period of time.

    Will the interest rate be too high?  Zhang Hanqing smiled brightly: "It doesn't matter. In the beginning, not many people will want this thing. They must all exchange it for unprofitable food stamps. Food stamps are our highlight!"

    The common people are the smartest.  No matter how high the interest on treasury bills is, if they cannot be redeemed for a while, they can only be "white notes". What if money is needed?  Food stamps are still the best.  This is the habit that Chinese farmers have had for thousands of years to store grain in preparation for shortages. How can it be easily changed?

    ?Compared with the compulsory nature of treasury bills, the emergence of food stamps is more humane and puts less pressure on the government.  This is because Treasury bills require repayment of principal and interest, but food stamps do not.

    ??It was originally designed to work with treasury bills to give people confidence.  Since they are all issued by the government, people naturally begin to be suspicious of them.  After you exchange part of the grain into food stamps with the mentality of giving it a try, someone must then cash it into cash grain.

    The first one has no existing grain in hand, which is in line with the government's decree of "not allowed to accumulate grain." If the second one can really be exchanged freely, as long as the government's credibility is good, convenient and timely food stamps are relatively safer than treasury bills.  Much, despite what interest there is on Treasury bills.

    This is Zhang Hanqing¡¯s original intention: he would rather people use food stamps than treasury bonds, if he could choose.

    Because, because there is no interest on food stamps, the government can save money in the future.

    Food stamps are also banknotes issued by the government in a certain denomination (denominations are ten kilograms, fifty kilograms, and one hundred kilograms). However, unlike treasury bills, when exchanging food stamps, they can be matched with a certain proportion of cash.  For its daily use, it is usually nine to one.

    This is Zhang Hanqing¡¯s initiative. It is actually equivalent to depositing food in the bank, but there is no interest!  But the good thing is that people don't need to worry about storing food, and it's easy to cash in. Food management offices in all towns and villages can receive food by voucher at any time.

    There will be no chance that all food stamps on the market will be cashed into food, as long as family food storage is strictly controlled.

    Out of distrust in the future grain harvest and love for food, most farmers initially chose food stamps that could be redeemed for cash at any time.  This is just right, and the government can save the use of the few oceans.

    For thousands of years, no peasant uprising has been truly successful. The reason is that sociologists and historians have given a very pertinent conclusion: the narrowness of peasant consciousness and political short-sightedness, to put it nicely, are called small farmers.  Consciousness, this is also the reason why farmers cannot become revolutionary leaders.

    The immediate interests are the most important thing, don¡¯t let go, just get by.

    Don¡¯t worry about whether the food stamps will be redeemed for grain by then - because of the continuous expansion of cultivated land, the ¡°land rent¡± or tax collected by the government from cultivators in the next year will be more, and the amount of surplus grain that the people have will be ¡°saved¡± by the public.  It will also be bigger.  Although food is a necessity, as long as the government has a good reputation, it can be exchanged for food at any time.??, no one wants to risk breaking the law by cashing out their tickets.  Because food stamps can be exchanged in real time (in fact, they can¡¯t be exchanged for much. The government¡¯s control over surplus grain is very strict. Are you okay with putting some food at home to attract thieves?), the people still liked it very much at first. Of course.  Compared with treasury bills, at least it gives me peace of mind.

    This is the same as the operation of the banking industry. As long as there are no runs and the funds of the bank are flowing in and out during normal operations, everything will be fine.

    As for whether the government will default on the debt?  Anyway, we working people are always selectively forced to believe it. Otherwise, how can we be worthy of the staff who are spitting, unwilling to leave, and showing their true feelings to the staff who have worked hard to train the People's Party's Agriculture and Industry Department and Propaganda Department?

    In this way, at a very small cost, the government was able to sell most of the agricultural output in the Northeast together and made a huge profit.

    The initial stage is the most painful, because it is necessary to ensure that the food is sold to the maximum extent, and at the same time, one must always be careful not to fail to redeem the food stamps.  Both food stamps and treasury bills are brand new things, at least in this era.  Its only Achilles heel is credit, and Zhang Hanqing also spent a lot of money to ensure that he can cash it freely, even when the government fails to accept it due to excessive investment.

    In fact, treasury bills and food stamps are both physical objects obtained by the government in exchange for a piece of paper, but one has a longer time and the other has a shorter time.

    ?????????????????????????????????????????¡­  Since both food stamps and one-year treasury bills are safe and cashable in a timely manner, some smarter people feel that food stamps that are "unnecessary" to be touched in their hands for a year are different from food stamps that are "unable" to be touched for a year.  Treasury bills have the same safety factor.  The only difference is that when the treasury bills are redeemed, they can earn a few more so-called "interests": the harvest of ten acres of land is "deposited" into the grain management office, and after one year, there will be an additional half a bushel of interest.

    Because of the continuous bumper harvest of grain, some flexible farmers thought why they were holding on to a pile of food stamps that did not make money.  Treasury bills can still earn interest!  In this way, Treasury bills that had been unsalable for a year began to become popular.

    As a virtuous circle, after ordinary farmers saw its benefits and the government's determination and fact to unconditionally fulfill it, and under the conditions of few investment opportunities at that time, the treasury issued in the second and third years was used by more and more people.  people buy.  And even better, the issuance of three-year Treasury bills is better because the interest rates are higher.  The issuance of treasury bills suddenly jumped from less than two million at the time of preparation to 60 million, and then increased to 150 million in the third year.

    With the help of large-scale industrial production, the expansion of this number is not worth worrying about, and the government finances to complete the most primitive accumulation can fully afford it.  Because industrial income of the same scale will definitely exceed agricultural income, otherwise the distinction between primary industry and secondary industry will be meaningless in terms of political economy.  At worst, the surplus from industry will be used to feed agriculture.  Moreover, a new issue of treasury bills has to be issued every year. Although it is a bit like Yin eating Mao Liang, it can finally breathe a sigh of relief.

    In this way, the issuance of treasury bills by the government began to proceed relatively smoothly.  Now that the people trust the government, some bolder measures can be implemented without being suppressed by various places like the mandatory issuance of treasury bills.

    Zhang Hanqing laughed and called it "secretly crossing Chencang".

    So it was much smoother for Zhang Hanqing to issue various "vouchers".

    Through various "vouchers", the scattered private capital in the three northeastern provinces was gradually concentrated in the hands of the government in the form of currency barter.  The young marshal is not as good as his father when it comes to other things, but his ability to organize money is much better than his father's.  The Marshal made his money by being a horse thief and a beard, so the money was not genuine.  The young marshal has "studied" foreign books, understands economics, and the way to make money is much cooler.

    For example, the specialty of Northeast China is soybeans, and the young commander specializes in selling soybeans in the international market, which makes a lot of money.  Someone wants to say, how much money can you make by flipping soybeans?  Tiaoteng is different from Tanteng. What Young Marshal issued is a kind of non-redeemable "soybean coupon", which is the same as waste paper except that it has flowers.  The young marshal used the waste paper to forcefully purchase soybeans from fellow villagers, exported the soybeans in exchange for money, and used the money to buy arms and engage in construction.  Although the initial stage was a bit cruel, this was an indispensable first step for China, which was poor and weak, to recover.  Thinking back in the official history, the Chinese Communist regime also used agriculture to supplement labor for decades before moving towards industrial development. And a certain superpower in the official history relied on constantly printing US dollars to maintain its economic status. It seems that this approach  Different approaches but similar results.  However, this Zhang Hanqing is better than the young marshals in the official history. He will not do those dirty things.  When we become developed in the future, various "bonds" will still have to be cashed in. Just think of it as a national bond with a term of n years.

    Various "bonds" and "notes" are essentially transactions involving the exchange of bonds and notes issued by banks under the control of the Northeast Autonomous Government.  Since it is circulated within the jurisdiction of various provincial governments, it has largely replaced the small foreign bills and cash bills circulating in the market, which has made foreign banks, especially Japanese banks, that once dominated the financial field in Northeast China unable to afford it.  , because they are reasonably and legally deprived of their tentacles to enter the rural areas of Northeast China - there is no money to save in the countryside, and farmers only have "debts", "coupons" and "tickets".  With the pitiful transaction volume of people in the city, opening a bank is not a good idea.

    They also want to put pressure on the Beiyang government through the government, but because the three northeastern provinces are essentially an independent kingdom, the central government's fiscal policy does not apply to outsiders because they are autonomous.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)?They can't afford to be hurt because they have been deprived of their tentacles to enter the rural areas of Northeast China in a reasonable and legal manner - there is no money to save in the countryside, and farmers only have "debts", "coupons" and "tickets". In the Northeast where the industry is not yet developed,  In this region, it is not a good idea to open a bank just relying on the pitiful transaction volume of people in the city.

    They also want to put pressure on the Beiyang government through the government, but because the three northeastern provinces are essentially an independent kingdom, the central government's fiscal policy does not apply to outsiders because they are autonomous.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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