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Chapter 332 The bandits are coming

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    If the bandit rebellion that broke out in the Northeast had not seriously impacted the regime of the Northeast Autonomous Government and echoed Japan's policy of occupying the Middle East Road, it would have been poetic like "a sudden spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees."  .

    There is a line in the Peking Opera "Shajiabang": "In troubled times, heroes are everywhere, and if you have a gun, you are the grass-headed king."  From the late Qing Dynasty to before liberation, banditry was serious in Northeast China, and grass-headed kings abounded.  However, the bandits in the Northeast have a special title: Red Beard.

    According to historical records, the red beards in the Northeast originated during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. By the time the red beards were eliminated in official history, they existed for nearly a century.  In troubled times, most red-bearded men resorted to banditry, and some imitated the heroes of Liangshan and became chivalrous thieves.  However, as the current situation changes, Redbeard has once become the target of exploitation by various forces.

    The Cossacks played an important role in the Red Beards. These "leading parties" joined forces with the Red Beards and robbed a lot of property in Tsarist Russia.  The Japanese spies also wanted to use Red Beard to harass the Russian army, but after paying and providing guns, Red Beard let him go.

    Bandits are bandits, why are they called "Red Beards"?  The basic composition of red beards is Han people. Ethnologically speaking, they will not grow red beards. However, where does the term red beards come from?

    Russian scholar Murov published his travelogue "People and Customs of the Far East" in 1901. He said in the book: "A local hero can decorate his weapons with red rope tassels. When aiming, he holds the rope tassels between his teeth.  So as not to get in the way. From a distance, the gunman seems to have a red beard." However, American Professor Billingsley held a different view. In 1988, he published a book "The Image of Bandits in the Society of the Early Republic of China".  The book points out: "The bandits in Northeast China used red-dyed Chinese traditional Peking Opera beards as disguises in the early days."

    The cause of red beard is very complicated and should be related to China's policies in the seventeenth century.  According to the "Liaodong Recruitment and Reclamation Regulations", from 1644 to 1667, many people from Shandong immigrated to Manchuria. Due to immigration, the Liaodong area "expanded geographical advantages and increased the number of households."  People from Hebei and Henan moved to Anshan, Liaoyang and Yingkou, while people from Shandong moved to Dalian and Dandong.  Most of the immigrants who came to Kanto found land for farming on their own and were not protected by law. The imperial court was indifferent to their living conditions and adopted an attitude of letting things go and fending for themselves.  As time passed, many people who entered Guandong found themselves in poverty and found it difficult to survive.

    The Russian sinologist Bichulin wrote in his book "Statistics of the Chinese Empire" that among the Manchu immigrants, there were those who had been sentenced for crimes in the mainland and were repatriated or expelled from Manchuria.  This kind of crowd will undoubtedly threaten the security of Manchuria.  The French Catholic missionary Parno called Heilongjiang Yilan a city of sin and "the second Sodom".  British writer Graham visited Qiqihar in 1886 and said that wherever he went, banditry was raging. He said that the city was comparable to Botany Bay in New South Wales, Australia, a paradise for illegal immigrants and convicts.

    At that time, there was a lack of police force in Manchuria, and the public security was chaotic. In addition, the customs were experiencing unprecedented social, political and economic turmoil. Peasant uprisings were raging; foreign powers intervened and pressed harder These all gave birth to the folk bandit Red Beard.  After 1878, the Qing Dynasty lifted the ban on Manchurian immigration, immigration surged, and red beards became rampant.  In particular, the Eight Banners Army outside the Pass was transferred into the Pass to clear out the Taiping Army.  At this time, the number of troops stationed outside the pass dropped sharply and the defense was empty. Redbeard's team took the opportunity to grow.

    Since the Northeast has always been regarded as a "Longxing" land by the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Han people were prohibited from entering the territory for farming. Over the past two hundred years, development has been extremely slow.  In modern times, it has been regarded as fish and meat by Japan and Russia, and people from many parties have mixed together to form many forces.  During the Republic of China, overt and covert disputes arose between the central government and local governments, and political power changed hands several times, resulting in local officials exploiting profits and disregarding people's livelihood.  As time goes by, the people are not able to make a living, and they develop the desire to be bandits.  Because the place is vast, the mountains are deep and the forests are dense, it is difficult to eradicate them in a short period of time.  However, people and bandits are indistinguishable, and sometimes they are for the people and sometimes they are bandits, which increases the difficulty of eradication.  Moreover, Japanese and Russian forces are spread throughout the territory, and bandits, spies, and traitors are everywhere, which adds to the variables.

    There are rumors that Gao Shibi, who escaped, transformed into a famous bandit leader in the southeastern Jilin area.  He also has a guard company of 100 people in his hands. He has combat experience gained from many years of military career, and he is especially knowledgeable about being a bandit.  Originally, he had some kind of connection with the bandits in this area, but now he only needs to raise his arms and the people who make the noise will gather.

    When the Japanese were racking their brains for the Middle East Road, they decisively found him, gave him funds and guns, and asked him as the eldest brother to lead a group of people to disrupt public order.  The Japanese promised that if the matter came true, they would support him as the local military and political chief of Jilin.  At a time when the country is weak, the central government will consider this "suggestion".

    At that time, Zhang Zuolin only controlled most of the fertile areas in Fengtian Province and large and medium-sized cities in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.In the remote places that Mr. Xi plans to use as his backyard, banditry has occurred repeatedly, and many places have become the world of "bearded" (bandits).  According to incomplete statistics, in the Northeast, there are more than a hundred famous "bearded" heads with more than a few hundred people.  At that time, there were a total of 154 counties in Northeast China, of which more than 100 were occupied by the "beards". Less than 50 counties were actually occupied by the Feng clan, and they were often under the threat of the "beards".

    Land reform was relatively smooth in Fengtian. This was a place where Zhang Zuolin had been entrenched for many years. It was densely populated, had a relatively developed economy, and had many troops stationed there. Therefore, except for the occasional ineffective thieves, it was very peaceful for several years.

    ¡°But the situation in Jilin and Heilongjiang is very different.  During the Republic of China, Jilin's area was far larger than in modern geography. At this time, there were still 22 counties that were not under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province, and there was also a place in Heilongjiang that fell under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Province Special Area.  Jilin has a large territory and few soldiers, so many places cannot be taken care of. Heilongjiang has various forces and chaotic management.  Zhang Zuolin had just taken over the two provinces, and before he could reach remote areas, these restless guys gave him a blow.

    The reason is the land reform carried out throughout Northeast China.  As the "New Civilian Land Reform" gradually became effective, various places followed suit.  Since the government is almost engaged in a capitalless "business" - forcibly taking back land from landlords and distributing it to landless peasants, and then promising principal and interest for 10 years, this is of course unacceptable to a large number of vested interests.  Attracted by everyone's share of land and the "household responsibility system", the bearded men who were "unfirm" went home to farm one after another - becoming a bandit was not a long-term solution.  The situation in Fengtian is better, because the government is backed by force. Most landlords can only curse in their hearts and curse this evil autonomous government.  Some people in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces clamored to go to Beijing to submit their wishes, but outside the pass was no longer under the control of the central government, so some people cooperated with bandits to fight against Fengjun.

    In order to break up the numerous bandits, Zhang Zuolin ordered notices to be posted in various places to accept the surrender of bandits everywhere.  Not only will the government put the blame in the past, it will also give each person a piece of land for free (limited to Kyrgyzstan and Heilongjiang provinces, of course).  Some larger bandit groups are even designated as local security forces on the spot, fighting fire with fire.

    This is Zhang Zuolin¡¯s experience in exchange for his career as a "horse boy". He himself was recruited to start a career, so he is very confident in this method.  When we have food, who would do those things like drinking horse blood?  He wanted to use the fields to loosen the bandits' alliance and allow them to settle down.  Zhang Hanqing believed that it was impossible for a handful of untransformed bandits to become honest farmers, so he was not in favor of this alternative indulgence.

    Some bandits who cannot afford hardship are first happy to obtain land, and then they are dissatisfied that they need to work on their own - how can the hard work in the fields be as satisfying as being a bearded man, eating meat and drinking in a big bowl?  Moreover, free land from the government is not easy to obtain and requires various conditions.  How can the bandits have such a happy time when they have to be controlled and burdened at the same time?

    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? To bewitched by the Japanese, beards big and small became restless again.  Many people still turned around and started their own profession.

    So in May 1918, the "Central Beards" who were "confessed" in Northern Manchuria launched a riot, occupying Dongning, Dong'an, Tongjiang and other county towns, cutting off the railway transportation line from Mudanjiang to Jiamusi, and claiming to fight with Belarus  The army "joined Harbin".  Subsequently, in less than half a month, the "bearded" men looted the two county towns of Luobei and Yilan.  In the city, shops of all sizes were looted. More than 20 cadres of the county government, including the Luobei County Magistrate, who had just taken office for more than ten days, were massacred. The wife of Yilan County Magistrate was raped by a bandit and hanged herself in anger.  .  So much so that the Japanese government, which has always coveted Northeast China, also expressed "concern" in a timely manner, meaning more than words.

    How can you allow others to sleep soundly on the side of the couch?  Zhang Zuolin is determined to be the king of Northeast China. How can he let this small group of forces disrupt the overall situation?

    The "beard" issue has developed into a major threat to the survival and growth of the Bong clan on the black soil. It is also very likely to give an opportunity to foreign intervention forces who seek to take advantage of the opportunity to interfere in the internal affairs of Northeast China.  Although Zhang Zuolin was born with a beard, most of his subordinates were also born with a beard, but when the beard threatened his survival and authority in the Northeast, he did not hesitate to take action.  Ten years ago, he became famous for suppressing bandits, and was honored by the court and the people as the "hero of suppressing bandits" in western Liaoning. Only then did he have the opportunity to strengthen his faction today.  After many years, in order to ensure the stability of the Northeastern regime and the victory of land reform, another bandit suppression campaign was launched.

    Under Zhang Zuolin's personal intervention, the headquarters of the Patrol Mission of the Three Northeastern Provinces decided to invest the main force in suppressing bandits, and appointed Zhang Zuoxiang, Chief of Staff of the Patrol Mission of the Three Northeastern Provinces, as the "Commander-in-Chief of Bandit Suppression", with Zhang Hanqing as the deputy general manager who actually carried out the executive duties.  Commander, the governors of the three provinces delimited the area to encircle and suppress the bandits, with Zhang Hanqing as the general coordinator. This essentially marked that the young marshal once again stood at the top of the Feng army to coordinate and lead the forces of the old and new Feng factions.

    This time, the old and new factions have given unprecedented support to the young commander's management.  First, Zhang Hanqing was very military in his recent combat command, which convinced the old Feng clan, so Ji Jinchun, who was transferred to Jilin to assist in the suppression of bandits, obeyed; in addition, everyone has vested interests, and the banditry in Northeast China is essentially  It will destroy everyone's jobs, so it is inevitable to share the same enemy.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)Ji Jinchun, who helped suppress the bandits in Jilin, obeyed his advice; in addition, everyone has vested interests, and the banditry in the Northeast is essentially destroying everyone's jobs, so it is inevitable to share the same hatred with the enemy.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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