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Chapter 237 Political Rising Star

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    After carefully studying the organizational structure of the People's Party formulated by Zhang Hanqing, even Yang Yuting, who calls himself "Little Zhuge", was amazed.  Without decades of experience in politics, it¡¯s a good thing that a teenager like him could figure it out!

    According to Zhang Hanqing's conception, the "People's Party Founding Declaration" has also determined that the People's Party Central Committee is the party's highest authority, and it begins to establish committees of party organizations at all levels from top to bottom. The upper-level committee determines the lower-level committees.  candidate.  Starting from the Central Committee, each level committee will establish a top party leader to serve as the convener and collectively handle major matters.

    This is an epoch-making initiative.  The history of China for thousands of years is a history of the struggle between imperial power and prime minister power. It is a process of constant friction, tug-of-war and improvement around the division of power between the egocentric emperor and the scholars who are determined to share the world with the imperial power.  In order to prevent centralization of power, many British rulers in the past dynasties spared no effort to divide state power: the Qin Dynasty established the prime minister and set a precedent for the separation of prime ministerial power and imperial power. The Tang Dynasty perfected the system of three provinces and six ministries.  China's political system reform has reached its peak.

    But Zhang Hanqing was ingenious and pioneered the People's Party's power restriction system, which was later called "discipline centralism." It was an epoch-making progress and a genius design that was completely integrated with China's national conditions.

    The so-called ban boiling means that in the future, the core of power of the party will be elected. Within the party, committee members at the same level, whether they are chairman (secretary) or committee members, will have a completely equal vote when deciding on major matters. The one with the most votes will  Victory, this seems to have the same meaning as Western voting.

    But Zhang Hanqing did not completely copy the Western style.  In his view, China has long lacked the soil for democracy, and blindly moving closer to the West will inevitably end up like South Korea and Japan in later generations, and the parliament will become a show.  In this big country with the world's largest population and feudalism that has dominated the country for thousands of years, letting go of the rules will turn the country into a mess. Why in history did it become a harbinger of local separatism once the central government was weak?  Isn¡¯t it the imperial complex deeply rooted in the minds of the Chinese people!  Only a ghost will share power with you!

    So the other side of dish boiling is concentration.  The so-called concentration means the concentration of power: the party's power is concentrated in party committees at all levels, and the Central Committee elects the Presidium of the Central Committee.  The final decision of the party committee/presidium is the party's decision. It is made before the decision is made, but it must be implemented to the letter after the decision. This is called free centralism.

    The People¡¯s Party will have a Central Committee, a Political Bureau of the Central Committee, a Standing Committee of the Central Committee and a secretariat directly responsible to it.  Due to the small number of party members, the Politburo and the Standing Committee have not been established for the time being.

    The reason why the Secretariat was established, Zhang Hanqing explained to the comrades in the party, was ¡°to facilitate the Standing Committee of the Central Committee to concentrate on considering and deciding on major issues in domestic and foreign affairs, and at the same time to enable the party to conduct a large number of daily work in all aspects in a timely manner.  be dealt with efficiently¡±.  But Zhang Hanqing also has a deeper understanding of centralization: the channels through which the power of the various departments divided into the party can be gathered at any time.

    Because in the organizational structure of the Party Central Committee, there are the Organization Department, Propaganda Department, and United Front Department of the Central Committee, plus a Discipline Inspection Commission.  The disadvantage of detailed departmental planning is that it is difficult for Zhang Hanqing to have the energy to effectively control various departments, and the Secretariat is a very good way¡ª¡ªnonsense, Mao Zedong has been doing this for more than 20 years, and the Secretariat is actually  It has always been above the Politburo, but only later did it gradually become that the Politburo is the decision-making body and the Secretariat is the executive body.

    Because it is an important channel and window connecting the Central Committee and the lower-level party affairs departments. Major matters must be discussed here, and the party¡¯s decisions must be issued from here.  It is like the ancient upper study room, which serves as a command center for communicating emotions from above to below, from below to above.  In addition, it plays a very important role - cultivating and training senior party cadres.

    The Central Secretariat implements a system of collective leadership and division of labor, with seven secretaries responsible for party building and cadres, organization, publicity, discipline, politics and law, the united front, and policy research.  It will be the largest power body of the People's Party besides the Central Committee.

    Secretary was the smallest official position at that time. Zhang Hanqing named it after him to show that the People's Party, which seeks the interests of the people, is not a bureaucracy that will dominate the people. It is also a commitment to the future and to the people.

    According to the Party Constitution, the Party Chairman presides over the work of the Secretariat of the Central Committee.

    The early People's Party was a bit like self-appreciation in the style of appointing officials and making wishes: Of course Zhang Hanqing himself was the unqualified candidate for the chairman of the Central Committee - as long as he has the consciousness to serve the people, he still has to fight for the power that should be fought for, and he has no power.  How to serve the people?  Han Linchun and Guo Songling are both vice-chairmen. Well, the current role of the Presidium is actually the Standing Committee, which has threeJust one person is enough. Few people make it easier to centralize power, and besides, others are really not qualified.

    The seven members of the Secretariat are Zhang Hanqing, Han Linchun, Guo Songling, Wang Yizhe, Han Shuxiu, Zhu Guangmu, and Wu Jiaxiang.  Wang Yizhe is a member of the Central Committee and also serves as the Minister of Organization. Han Shuxiu is a member of the Central Committee in charge of the women's movement. Zhu Guangmu was also very loyal as his secretary and had outstanding performance in the land reform propaganda work, so he should also serve as the Minister of Propaganda; Wu Jiaxiang is himself  The current secretary and director of the Land Dispute Mediation and Judiciary Committee are logically the directors of the Central Office. Being a member of the Central Committee is not a big deal. By the way, he is also in charge of the Discipline Inspection Commission.

    In addition to the above seven members, the Central Committee members also include Jiang Huanan, Gao Jiyi, and Ji Yiqiao.

    Jiang Huanan is the chief of the bodyguards and Gao Jiyi is the person in charge of intelligence. They are natural members of the Central Committee.  Not only should you use it, but you should also use it when you have the opportunity. Reserve a good position for your own people first. It is also a seniority in the party, right?  As for Ji Yiqiao, Fengtian and people within the party are not yet familiar with him because he is new to the country.  But when Zhang Hanqing solemnly introduced him as the special envoy of General Cai E, his selection immediately became popular.  From this alone, you can know how wise Zhang Hanqing was in insisting on pulling Cai E out of the tiger's skin!

    The People's Party has a resounding policy for the founding of the party: "Lead and unite the people of all ethnic groups in the country, regain lost ground, eliminate foreign aggression, build our country into an Asian power that includes modernization of industry, agriculture, transportation and national defense, and build a country without economic exploitation and politics."  An oppressive New China of the people, for the people and by the people." At any time, "equal land and no grain" is extremely tempting. This kind of slogan similar to the "Great Harmony" society is basically present in every era of the Chinese revolution.  , tried and tested.

    Of course, the superiority of the system designed by the People¡¯s Party is not only resounding in words, but also truly unique in the design of the organizational structure.

    In order to combat corruption within the party, Zhang Hanqing believes that the control of this aspect by the political system of later generations is too poor. The reason why there are repeated cases of harbingers and successors is because the supervision of party members and cadres, especially top leaders, is too light.  The top leaders, mainly the top leaders of the party, have too few restrictions and too much power, which artificially creates a soil for corruption.  In one sentence, concentration is concentration, but power is mainly concentrated in the top leaders, and does not reflect the influence on other members of the Standing Committee - because the power design is congenitally beneficial to the top leaders.  To truly realize the party's "centralization", it is necessary to enhance the power of other members of the Standing Committee without harming the core of the top leaders.

    This sentence is absolutely correct to say, but how easy is it to do it?  Because the top leader is given the right to lead, he has the inherent power to intervene, interfere or even veto the work of other members of the Standing Committee. Otherwise, how can he have authority?  What about leadership?  But without effective constraints, corruption among top leaders is inevitable.

    In fact, there is a way, and that is the principle of equivalence of rights and responsibilities, which goes back to centralization.  The Standing Committee must achieve division of labor. Each Standing Committee member has an extremely important weight in the field of responsibility and will of course bear the corresponding responsibilities.

    As for party members and cadres who violate the law, all laws apply, not just the party's disciplinary regulations. There are situations where the party's power is greater than the law.  Zhang Hanqing believes that party members are the vanguard of the workers and peasants and should take the lead. They should also understand and respect the law better than the general public.  When violations occur, they should be dealt with in accordance with the law first, and then punished in accordance with the rules within the party. A two-pronged approach is the right approach.  If political and legal personnel and the Disciplinary Inspection Commission engage in acts of cover-up, they will be charged with the same crime and given an additional first-class punishment.

    The "People's Party Member Punishment Regulations" set out four levels of punishment: warning, demerit recording, party probation, and expulsion from the party.  Any regulations that involve doing bad things with good intentions will be punished with a warning or a demerit according to the severity of the incident; if there are personal stories in the middle, they will be kept in the party for probation; if there are other violations of criminal laws, they will be expelled from the party.  Demerits will not be promoted within two years, and Party probation will also last for two years. Afterwards, the party committee and the Discipline Inspection Commission will discuss whether to revoke it. If it can be revoked, the party membership will be retained, and the administrative level will be lowered by one level.  If there are any violations of laws and disciplines during this period, the probation period will be extended for one year or expelled from the party, depending on the severity of the case.  Anyone expelled from the party will cease public service, clear all administrative levels, and will not be allowed to join the party again.

    At this stage, these ideas are only included in the draft document "The People's Party's Party Building, Army Building and Political Program" written by him, and they are only circulated among the top military and political leaders in Fengtian.  Zhang Zuolin admired this very much, and Zhang Zuoxiang and Sun Liechen were quite supportive.  The Zhang family and his son often talked in private, and both believed that this was a good way to control Fengtian and even the Northeast.  In order to verify the effectiveness of this program, Zhang Hanqing, who was authorized, plans to conduct a pilot project of administrative management in Xinmin County, which has a solid foundation.

    Mr. Sun Yat-sen, who was in his cozy home in Tokyo, heard about Zhang Hanqing's party founding declaration and said three "good" words in a row. He excitedly said to his wife Song Qingling beside him: "The ideal that I have been pursuing all my life, the hope of reorganizing the Kuomintang, and the opportunity for China to be strong.  , all kinds of thoughts and troubles, when I saw Zhang Hanqing¡¯s declaration of founding the party, I suddenly became cheerful. I was like a ship running in the waves in the dark night seeking to dock, and saw a bright lighthouse on the shore." He was even anxious.  He couldn't wait to call Zhang Hanqing, "Wen wants to return to China to listen to the principles of saving the country and the people." Zhang Hanqing became famous for a while.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com), suddenly cheerful.  I was like a ship rushing through the waves in the dark, seeking to dock, and saw a bright lighthouse on the shore.  He even called Zhang Hanqing impatiently, "Wen wants to return to China to listen to the principles of saving the country and the people."  "Zhang Hanqing became famous for a while. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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