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Zhang Haipeng was still prepared. He mysteriously leaned into Feng Delin's ear and said softly: "Commander, Zhang Zuolin trusted his son and allowed him to do whatever he wanted in Fengtian. Many senior officials in the Fengtian department couldn't stand it. And what kind of reform in Fengtian did he do?" and land reform have hurt the interests of many people, especially Brigadier Tang Yulin, who has opposed it openly and covertly. As long as we win over him secretly, we are not afraid that this guy will not rebel. When the time comes for the 27th Division to have internal strife, I think Zhang Da How handsome ends up!"
Feng Delin immediately said: "Go and take care of this right away. If you need money, talk to me. Damn it, I'm going to cause some trouble for Zhang!" Now he hates both Zhang and Zhang to the extreme. As long as there is a chance, , he will never let go of the possibility of attacking them.
"Well, it doesn't matter that Lao Zhang has the right time, place, people and people. Why is that guy Xiao Zhang so capable and everything goes so smoothly?
At this time, there was still a year before the Soviet Union launched the "October Revolution". As for the socialist collective farm model that the Soviet Union later influenced in Eastern Europe and China, it was still only the inspiration of some pioneers. Zhang Hanqing had already created a century. After successfully completing his first step, the land reform has achieved fruitful results. It is time to move towards the second step, which is called "household production quota".
Taking this step is also justified: the land reform carried out by the Zhang family and his sons, especially Zhang Hanqing in Xinmin, allowed poor people to get land. However, whether farmers can manage their land well requires not only the guidance of the government, but also their inner sense of ownership and wisdom.
Since feudal society, the phenomenon of land annexation has been carried out in every dynasty and every generation. Although society as a whole can achieve "equal distribution" of land after every dynasty change or peasant uprising, the differentiation between landlords and poor people will still occur after a few years. Of course there are policy issues here, but honestly speaking, it is an indisputable fact that landlords have more "brain" in managing land than the poor.
Since entering the era of industrialization, landless farmers have been a manifestation of social progress because they can go to cities to work. Especially later, the urbanization ratio became one of the indicators to measure whether a country is developed.
But that¡¯s not possible in current China.
Not in the Northeast.
"Fengtian cannot do it."
Neither can Xinmin.
First, the degree of industrialization is very low. There are currently no factories that can accommodate a large number of workers. For the vast majority of the labor force, farming is still the first choice.
Second, historical experience has proven that managing rural areas, supporting agriculture, and stabilizing farmers is still a very arduous task. As a pilot project, Xinmin County has only achieved breakthroughs but has not yet achieved establishment. It is relatively easy to divide the land by administrative means, but the top priority is to let Fengtian's upper class see the farmers' enthusiasm for farming. In this matter, "household production guarantee" is an effective method that has been proven in practice.
Worried that the farmers who had been hit by a pie in the sky would not cherish their wealth and end up selling their land to beg or become hired laborers in the future, Zhang Hanqing explicitly prohibited the sale of farmland in the law and declared that all land belongs to the government. Belong to the collective. Farmers only have the right to use the land and have no ownership rights.
As important think tanks of the Zhang family and his son, Liu Shangqing, Mo Dehui and others have very strong concerns about the reforms of Prince Zhang Hanqing and have also given many suggestions. Regarding the development situation of China's rural areas after the "New People's Land Reform", many people only stay in paper and ideal. Even Liu Shangqing and other people in the financial circles who do not have communist ideas believe that when private financial resources are still insufficient, the state is more powerful than private individuals in guiding the development of industry. This is why he agrees and appreciates Zhang Hanqing's establishment of the Investment Promotion Bureau, And this is one of the reasons that drives investment from all parties.
According to this development sequence, and by analogy, their view is: since landless farmers rely on the government to obtain land, nationalization may better promote the development of agriculture. So, should we establish something similar to agricultural collectivization?
Zhang Hanqing said "no" promptly.
At this stage, the quality of farmers is far worse than the enthusiasm of people in the "Communist" era. The bad habits of farmers formed over the years are particularly obvious in China. "Eating from the big pot" has been proven to be unworkable. Zhang Hanqing¡¯s original intention was not entirely to feed farmers, and charity cannot change the current situation of China¡¯s weakness. His purpose was to earn considerable remuneration through land as a basis for stimulating industry. Therefore, taking money from it, rather than giving money, is the most important purpose at this stage.
Just a "New People's Land Reform" is enough to make Fengtian restless. For this reason, the people of the New People's Republic can have enough to eat and reach the simplest primary stage of people's livelihood in the "Three Pans Cooking Righteousness" described by Sun Yat-sen. This is already awesome in this era. Yes, there is no need to play big tricks on this, Zhang ?Your Majesty, there are still many things to do.
We must know from the information from the Administrative Office of the Land Reform Commission that Xinmin County has about 1.05 million acres of cultivated land. Simply based on the ratio of one out of ten, and based on a harvest of 200 pounds per acre of land per season, the government alone can get two Tens of millions of kilograms of grain, considering that there is only one season every year, there are 14 million kilograms of pure grain based on 70% fineness. What's more, there are some higher tax rates that are more than 1 in 10.
Historically, before 1920, rice cost an average of 6 yuan per stone. Calculated at 178 jin/stone, it equals 3.4 cents/jin. Taking into account regional differences and year differences, it is more reasonable to calculate it at 4 cents/jin. Converted into silver dollars, that¡¯s an income equivalent to 960,000 oceans! According to the estimated autumn grain harvest results in Xinmin County, if every county in Fengtian followed this approach, Zhang Zuolin would probably wake up laughing in his sleep, right?
According to Marx's formulation in "Das Kapital": Capitalism at this stage is far from reaching the time of decay or even destruction declared in "Das Kapital". Not only that, how many years of agricultural collectives will China have to go through in post-historical socialism? After the reform, we will again realize the disadvantages of doing so, and then return to the policy of household quotas that is suitable for China's national conditions. In this case, why take detours? Why not use the more advanced "household contract system" that has been proven to stimulate farmers' enthusiasm for farming?
The policy of "household production quota" is the only way Zhang Hanqing knows to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers: Just imagine at the beginning of reform and opening up, the support of farmers in China for this policy and the huge enthusiasm for the land generated, with the second liberation It¡¯s no exaggeration to describe it.
In fact, the benefits of doing so are huge: on the one hand, farmers' enthusiasm for production is fully aroused, and productivity is greatly liberated, which not only ensures that the country but also private households have a large surplus - the more you pay, the more you will benefit; After the majority of farmers have a surplus of grain, the government can provide appropriate business guidance, and the economy can be fully active and have the opportunity to promote the development of trade, which will benefit both the country and the people.
In order to dispel farmers' doubts about the policy changes, the Xinmin District Government issued a land order to inform the entire county that the land contract period for "household guaranteed production" is 20 years, and the original contractor will enjoy the land contract after the expiration of the contract. Priority in contracting.
It¡¯s really unimaginable how much unused creativity there is in China¡¯s vast rural areas!
The farmers¡¯ passion, which had been suppressed for two thousand years, was completely vented in the Xinmin area. One year later, in September 1917, after paying off the first year's land acquisition interest, the Xinmin area achieved a 30% increase in government revenue compared with the same period last year, and at the same time, grain output increased by more than 50%. This is partly because farmers responded to the need for more reward with more work and invested huge enthusiasm in their own land; the other half was also because a lot of hidden land was cleared, resulting in an increase in both tax revenue and output.
"There is more food in hand and no panic in mind." The farmers who could finally take a breath after the harvest expressed their support for this policy and their gratitude to the government, as well as the experience of the New People's Land Reform, which impressed the doubtful Fengjun senior officials, especially Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Zuolin. Zhang Zuoxiang, Guo Songling and others were greatly shocked. The farmers sincerely support the land reform system, and thus have an indescribable feeling of worship for our County Magistrate Xiao Zhang - this is an extraordinary and young hero sent down from heaven!
It was him who saved the people from fire and water and made them live a good life.
It was him who gave this good life a chance to continue.
Even when Zhang Hanqing left Xinmin and took up a higher position, the people of Xinmin unanimously gave him the gift of "taking off his boots". This is the best praise that ancient people gave to upright officials who benefited the country during their term of office. In addition, there are countless "Wanmin Umbrellas" that have been collected, but this is a story later.
What¡¯s even more rare is that the banditry that has troubled governments at all levels in western Liaoning for many years has basically disappeared in the area!
Because even the bandits know that the people of Xinmin love the government and they have no place to live here; the garrison of Xinmin is the famous Guard Brigade, and they are very good at suppressing bandits. The Babuzabu bandit army, which was showing its teeth and claws not long ago, failed to win over even with the support of the Japanese. The remaining more than a thousand bandit soldiers who were alive were working on a voluntary basis under the supervision of the Guard Brigade to build water conservancy bridges and roads, and they were in full swing. scene, looking forward to them joining. Under such circumstances, no bandit would want to stay away as long as his head was not slapped.
Enlightened officials from all over the country who came here to listen to the experience of the new people also asked the Fengtian Provincial Government to promote this method to other places. Therefore, when Zhang Hanqing proposed to implement the experience of "New Civilian Land Reform" and "Household Production Responsibility" throughout Fengtian, he received unanimous approval from the top officials of the Fengtian clique, and the Northeast New Deal, guided by agricultural progress, first kicked off in Fengtian Province.
As a support for the pioneer and helmsman Zhang Hanqing, with the support of Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhang Hanqing became the chairman of the "Fengtian Provincial Land Reform Committee"; as the tide rises, all boats are lifted, and Guo Songling and Wang Yizhe, who had greatly assisted Zhang Hanqing, were promoted to deputy Chairman; and Women's Movement Director Han Shuxiu became part-time Secretary-General. Taking this as a sign, the men of the Young Marshal Clan began to take center stage on the political stage of the Feng Clan. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)Han Shuxiu, director of the women's movement, became a part-time secretary-general. Taking this as a sign, the men of the Young Marshal Clan began to take center stage on the political stage of the Feng Clan. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com