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Chapter 222 Shuffle

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    Zhang Zuolin readily agreed, and Zhang Hanqing's words touched his heart.  If he can really do this, he will not only control the military and political power of Fengtian, but also have strong economic capabilities, and he will be the legitimate "King of Fengtian."  He nodded and said: "This is a good idea. We will promote the Fengtian Farmers Capital Credit Cooperative this time; as for the director of the Financial Department, let Haiquan serve as the director."

    Haiquan is Liu Shangqing. Since he and Zhang Zuolin were in the same boat during this financial crisis, he had a surprisingly good impression in Zhang Zuolin's mind. It was only natural that Lao Zhang wanted him to work part-time in banking supervision.  As for putting all the money into the "Farmers Capital Credit Cooperative", that's because it is Yu Fengzhi's natal family's industry.  Anyway, it is to support the family. Meat cooked in a small pot is always more delicious than in a big pot. Moreover, Yu Fengzhi¡¯s daughter-in-law behaves very upright, and I like it very much. Giving her parents some benefits will also make her look good, which is a little thought from my father-in-law.  Well.

    But Zhang Hanqing didn't think so. He quickly stopped and said, "That's inappropriate. The Fengtian Farmers' Capital Credit Cooperative is newly established and it is Fengzhi's family's property. Giving it such a big responsibility rashly will make others dissatisfied and weaken his father."  The significance of this financial reform. I think it is better to support another company, but we must give the credit union a chance to clear its name and let it become one of the several large banks in Fengtian. In addition, the candidate for the director of the Financial Services Department, Liu  Although the uncle is available, the player and the referee cannot be the same person. I suggest that Zhang Huilin, my father's printing officer, should be the better person. This man is upright and loyal to his father. He is also engaged in supervision work, so he is familiar with it.  ."

    Liu Shangqing is the general office of the official bank accounts of the three northeastern provinces, which is a role similar to the Central Bank of China.  The Central Bank already has natural control over commercial banks, and it is indeed inappropriate from a modern auditing perspective to allow it to work part-time at the Financial Services Agency.  Zhang Huilin, also known as Zhiliang, was Zhang Zuolin's personal secretary and the printing officer of the Military Supervisory Office. He could be said to be Lao Zhang's confidant.  Zhang Hanqing used him mainly because he and Fengtian's financial community have always been on two parallel lines. Taking up this position at this time is also a good promotion of financial order.

    As for not letting the "Fengtian Farmers Capital Credit Utilization Cooperative" come forward, it's not that Zhang Hanqing doesn't want to, it's actually because there are still many places where it will be useful in the future land reform in Fengtian, and his selfish intention is to serve as his own reserve force.  If it becomes Zhang Zuolin's economic team, it won't be so comfortable for me to use, right?  His "selfless" words made Lao Zhang nod in approval.  My son thinks about me and is so righteous, so he has to give him some sweet spots in the tide of financial reform in Fengtian, right?

    At this time, the Beijing government demanded that the banknotes be withdrawn and "an explanation" be given to the currency holders.  Therefore, Fengtian Industrial Bank had to "close down for rectification" on October 31, 1916.

    Zhang Zuolin took advantage of this good opportunity and took the initiative to challenge. He announced the establishment of the Financial Services Department and appointed Zhang Huilin as the director. All large and small banks in Fengtian will be supervised and regularly audited by the Financial Services Department.

    At the same time, it was announced that the most important measure to reorganize the finances is to merge Fengtian Industrial Bank and the Bank of the Three Northeastern Provinces into the official bank of the Three Northeastern Provinces. The benefits of doing so are manifold.  Originally, these three banks were jointly owned by the government and businessmen of Feng Province and were independent of each other. This was obviously not conducive to the establishment of bank credit, and they often collided with each other in terms of business.  From the perspective of fiscal unification, it is also necessary for the three banks to merge.  As far as the modern banking system is concerned, it also requires one and only one "central bank" to issue currency and dominate currency credit.  In this regard, the merger of the three lines is theoretically necessary.

    At this time, Fengtian Industrial Bank and Dongsan Provincial Bank also encountered some operational difficulties.  Let¡¯s talk about Fengtian Industrial Bank first. It once issued 10 million yuan of four-percent bonds, and it had to pay 400,000 yuan in interest every year. Dongsan Provincial Bank originally planned to issue 7.5 million yuan of ocean bonds, but when it was issued to 4.7 million yuan, it began to depreciate.  Bond holders are demanding redemption. If the issuance continues, a run on the bonds will most likely occur, with disastrous consequences.  This also shows that the credit of these two banks is slightly lower than that of the official banks of the three eastern provinces. If they are merged into one, their credit will be increased and 400,000 yuan of funds can be saved every year.

    So, how are the three lines merged?  First, Guanyinhao issued 20 million yuan in exchange notes, and recovered all the 10 million bonds issued by Fengtian Industrial Bank and the 7.5 million ocean bonds issued by Dongsan Provincial Bank; at the same time, the properties of Fengtian Industrial Bank and Dongsan Province Bank were attributed to Guanyinhao  .  After the commercial shares of the three banks were acquired by the government, the merged official banks of the three northeastern provinces became the "Central Bank" of the Northeast with purely government shares.

    After full deliberation, on December 30 of this year, the official banks of the three northeastern provinces began to issue "one-two exchange coupons", that is, large foreign notes that were exchanged for 12 jiao small foreign notes per yuan, to recycle small foreign notes.  On the same day, Zhang Zuolin ordered the abolition of the "Feng Xiaoyang Piao" standard and changed it to the "Feng Da Yang Piao" standard.  "FengThe "Great Ocean Note" is unified with the national silver dollar currency unit and is equal to the Japanese gold note of 1 yuan, thus preventing money dealers from profiting from the exchange price difference. Before that, Zhang Zuolin also borrowed 3 million gold notes from the Fengtian Office of the Bank of Korea.  As a reserve fund. In this way, the Northeast Financial Crisis of 1916 was finally eased.

    Anyway, it is a credit currency and it is in a monopoly position, so the new "Feng Dayang Coupon" suddenly became the only currency in Fengtian.  From now on, the currency issuance in the three northeastern provinces will be handled by the official bank, and the issuance quota will be negotiated with the Bank of China and the Bank of Communications (under the central government).

    At that time, the purchasing power of one dollar was very large, and the annual income of an ordinary family was only a dozen oceans.  Originally, Fengtian small foreign notes had "big money" of one dime, two cents, and five cents. However, smaller auxiliary coins still needed to be circulated, so it was imperative to issue small coins.

    Due to the chaos of currency during the Republic of China, in addition to national-level banks, each province also had provincial-level banks, but they mainly issued large-denomination currencies, while copper coins were the main ones with small denominations.  However, copper coins on the market are heavy and limited in quantity. Not everyone with large denominations can afford them. It is very inconvenient for citizens to trade. It is necessary to specially issue small-denomination currency in copper yuan.  During this period, many provinces also had copper dollar bureaus that specialized in issuing copper coins.  In later generations, didn't the RMB also have small coins of one cent, two cents, and five cents?

    Zhang Hanqing, Liu Shangqing and other financial committees decided to establish the Fengtian Copper Coin Bureau, which would be under the official silver number of the three eastern provinces and specialize in the issuance of copper yuan (unit: pieces) with a denomination of one cent and copper yuan rolls (notes).  In Fengtian, copper dollar tickets are directly linked to Dayang and Dayang coupons. 100 copper dollar coupons can be exchanged for one yuan of Dayang or Dayang coupons.

    This small denomination copper coin was very popular in the early days and was quickly recognized by the market.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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