You can search for "Young Marshal's Spring and Autumn Period Through the Republic of China" on Baidu to find the latest chapters!
This round of personnel reductions is actually a purge of non-clan armed forces and a centralization move by the People's Party. It is just a more civilized and more visible way.
After disarmament, the People's Party has shown considerable sincerity: On the surface, 290,000 troops have been disbanded by the end of the year, winning applause at home and abroad.
But above all, the People's Army has swept away the influence of various northern factions in the army, and the morale of the military has been restored. The People's Party's leadership role in the army has been significantly strengthened.
After the leader of the Jin army, Yan Xishan, left Shanxi, his generals lost their snake heads and moved closer to the dead snake. After the separation of military and political affairs, especially the transfer of provincial financial and administrative power to the central government, their logistics, equipment, training, promotion In the hands of the People's Army, disintegration is a high probability.
The National Army is even more unbearable. Feng Yuxiang left, Sun Yue left, Zhang Zhijiang's troops were divided by Xu Yongchang, and now the Kuomintang has become purely a lip service.
The Jin Army and the National Army have been completely eroded as a military force independent of the People's Army. According to the opinion of Chief of Staff Lin Wei, all officers should stay if they agree with each other, and hang up if they don't agree with each other. Several veteran military figures have a good placement: the Strategic Research Committee of the Ministry of National Defense, isn't it awesome enough?
Coupled with the Anhui clique, which has long since left the political stage, and the defeated Zhili clique, the entire north, northwest, central and southeast are absolutely dominated by the People's Army. The remaining Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi can only fight in The place is barely surviving.
The overwhelming military superiority and political leadership of the People's Army not only completely discouraged any opponent from fighting militarily, but also cast a psychological shadow over the various political policies and policies proposed by the People's Party. They can only agree with the national development ideas.
Of course, these lines, principles and policies are completely in line with China¡¯s national conditions.
Under this favorable situation, it has become necessary to take advantage of the opportunity to integrate the resources of the military. The first step is to centralize the leadership of martial arts halls and military academies scattered in various local headquarters from the military to the Central Military Commission. This is related to the cultivation of the mentality of the talent echelon. question.
The Political Department of the People's Army transferred outstanding teachers from military academies from various places and established the National Defense University in Beijing, which is the highest military academy of the People's Army. In the future, the further education of officers at the regimental level and above will be undertaken by the National Defense University; while various local Military academies are reserved as training places for middle- and lower-level officers, and will open admissions to students from all walks of life this year.
The first president of the National Defense University was Yang Jie, who was transferred from the Wuhan Military Academy; the director of education, Xiao Qixuan, was transferred from the Northeast Military Academy; the director of the Public Works Department, Zhang Xuan, and the director of the Military Science Department, Chen Ying, were both former Northeastern Military Academy The leader of the series. Zhang Xuan, also known as Lengsheng, was an important staff member of Zhang Zuolin. Chen Ying also served as the training director under the General Staff Department.
Originally, Yang Jie insisted on inviting Zhang Hanqing as the president of the National Defense University, but Zhang Hanqing knew his own disadvantages and had no intention of doing these favors to win over his subordinates anymore - during the previous warlords' melee, in order to train their own people, they needed to establish a good reputation. With this prestige, the country is now on the right track, and professional matters should be left to professionals.
Because the division establishment of more than 30,000 people is too large, under the unified deployment of the People's Army Chief of General Staff Han Linchun, the People's Army expanded divisions into corps, upgraded brigades into divisions, and abolished the brigade system in the army. Equipment and logistics are unified and dispatched, making it a completely standardized army.
This is also a disguised suppression of some separatist forces in the southwest. In the past, division-level establishments were more or less organized by Beiyang and local governments. This has become a problem left over from history and it is inconvenient to forcefully cut it. But when the division was upgraded, their embarrassment came.
Follow the upgrade? It¡¯s impossible, the central government doesn¡¯t recognize it. Not promoted? Being demoted to one level in vain, people are dissatisfied, and the team is no longer easy to lead.
The number of the upgraded corps is the same as that of the original division, and the subordinate brigades are arranged in order. For example, after the 27th Division was promoted to the 27th Army, the designations of its original brigades were upgraded to the 79th, 80th, 81st Division, and so on.
After years of development, at the end of 1923, the People's Army already had 32 mountain artillery and field artillery regiments, 16 howitzer regiments, and a 24-gun 155mm heavy artillery battalion. After defeating the Zhili clique, they obtained all 7 artillery regiments and 7 artillery battalions on the battlefield; then captured about 200 mountain cannons from various armies in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and took control of the Jiangnan Machinery Manufacturing Bureau.
In the last few months of 1924, it took control of all the ordnance produced by the Jin Army and the Taiyuan Arsenal, and then ate up the National Army, especially the three artillery regiments of Feng Yuxiang's troops. In this way, Guangshan Artillery formed 54 regiments and battalions.
In addition, the howitzer production lines successively set up in the Soviet Union were quickly started and gradually reached scale, with a total of more than 700 guns produced in the first half of the year. Taking into accountThere is still a running-in period for the proficiency of the technology. If it is done by the end of the year, the number will double, because the annual output was estimated to be 2,200 units a year ago.
Counting this way, the People's Army already has 54 organic mountain artillery regiments and 29 organic artillery regiments (howitzers and field artillery). The People's Army has 4,500 75mm-class artillery pieces alone! This is something no one would have dared to imagine before the growth of Fengxi.
This trend is still strengthening. After expansion and integration with the help of the Soviet Union, the Hanyang and Lanzhou arsenals can already produce the People's Army's military-level support firepower 75mm howitzers and field guns. Together with the Shenyang arsenal that has received special attention, it has an annual production capacity of 2,200 such cannons. .
Zhang Hanqing plans that after all 90 divisions of the army are equipped with howitzers, they will gradually replace the original mountain artillery, or they will choose an opportunity to allocate the mountain artillery regiment to mountain divisions that may need to be formed in the future.
Although there is still a considerable gap compared to the European and American powers - their military ranks are generally equipped with 105 or 155mm heavy howitzers, the People's Army is still working hard to meet the minimum artillery regiments for each division.
However, in Asia, it has become a formidable force: more than 32,000 people and 216 artillery pieces - compared to the 20,000 people and 144 artillery pieces of a standard Japanese division in the same period, it is not inferior. If China is determined to use its military as its If the unit fights against the Japanese division.
The 1st and 4th Army are in East China, the 28th Army is in Jinan, the 27th Army is in Beijing, and the 29th Army is in Shenyang, the base camp. The five reorganized main forces are all deployed along the Beijing-Shanghai Line and the Beijing-Shenyang Line. They are the first units in the army to achieve preliminary motorization. Of course, motorization here is just the use of trucks instead of humans and animals to pull the artillery in the army.
Even so, it is far more advanced than any country in Asia, including Japan. After becoming a truly mobile force, the security of the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Basin, the most important industrial and economic pillars of the Republic of China, has been greatly guaranteed.
Therefore, comparing the strength gap between the People's Army and local warlords, it has not decreased but has greatly expanded. After the unification of the military order was completed, the unification of the political order was also brought to the parliament. In order to prevent warlords from arranging their own cronies in each province to control the political situation, the governors of each province are elected by the public opinion representatives of each province and appointed by the central government.
The administrative system that Zhang Hanqing previously designed and successfully piloted can be rolled out in various places.
Due to the temporary shortage of senior cadres, in the newly controlled provinces, a five-person group with the highest authority in each administrative unit is composed of the secretary, an administrative head or deputy head of the People's Party, the organization director, the propaganda director, and the secretary of the disciplinary inspection committee to lead major events in the area. matter. Although it has not yet reached the level of disunity within the party that traditionally controls the provinces, under this situation, centralization may not be an option.
At this time, because the reputation of the Congress when Cao Kun bribed the election was already bad, the top-down parliamentary system was basically paralyzed, and the preparations for the new Congress were still being debated by all parties, so basically the administrative power under the People's Party belonged to the People's Party. No more constraints.
This is a good opportunity.
Because the Congress has been dormant, the People¡¯s Party has established provincial party headquarters in each province, gradually controlling public opinion and labor unions in each province, forming a huge force. Administrative and military power are concentrated in the hands of the People's Party. This is a historical development. But if he doesn't take advantage of this rare power restriction vacuum to do something, Zhang Hanqing will not be called a young marshal who "takes advantage of every opportunity."
The 290,000 people laid off must be replenished as soon as possible after this storm. Not only that, but there is also a need to expand. China is too big and its military power has always been too weak. Considering the numerous concessions of the great powers in China and the Kanto Prefecture and Taiwan that Japan will never let go of, it is necessary to recover them by force.
The overall situation does not allow the People's Army to expand, but the People's Party, which controls the government, has established the People's Armed Forces Department in each province, city, and county, which is currently mainly responsible for recruiting troops. The People's Party wants to build a new type of army, and a group of long-standing veterans who fought in the north and south in the past few years should also withdraw from the stage, although a large number of them have been eliminated.
The construction of the armed police force stationed in various provinces and essentially undertaking security tasks is fully reflected in the "People's Party Armed Police Regulations". The Armed Police Force Headquarters has jurisdiction over the Armed Police Border Defense Bureau (7 Bureaus), Coast Guard Bureau (8 Bureaus), and Internal Security Bureau (9 Bureaus), as well as the Northeast, North China, Northwest, East China, Central South (Guangdong, Hunan, and Hubei provinces), Southwest Based on 1 to 6 rounds.
Currently, the bureaus have a military-level structure and govern the armed police forces in all provinces across the country. As of the first half of 1924, the country had 29 corps (division level, one for each province), 6 border armed police divisions, 4 mobile divisions (internal defense troops) and 3 coast guard divisions under preparation.
The main reason for the establishment of the armed police border defense force is to guard the four provinces of Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Shandong, where the Japanese have the most infiltration, and the two longest border autonomous provinces of Mongolia and Xinjiang.
With the experience of many previous military reforms, the transformation of the People's Army in 1924 was quite smooth. Through this organizational change, the People's Army has successfully unified many "mountains" in the army under the banner of the People's Party. The military and police officers each perform their duties, and the relationship between superiors and subordinates is clear, which is self-evident for the improvement of combat effectiveness.
The military reform in 1924 laid the foundation for national defense and security, especially the integration of the armed police system, which affected the country for decades. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)? is self-evident.
The military reform in 1924 laid the foundation for national defense and security, especially the integration of the armed police system, which affected the country for decades. (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com