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Chapter 643 Military System

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    Next, we began to sort out the organization of the People's Army.  It turned out that it was not obvious that the People's Army and the Fengjun Army were not affiliated with each other. Once merged, many divisions would have overlapping designations. This is a historical issue.

    The military system of the Republic of China was extremely chaotic.  From the formation of the Six Beiyang Towns in the late Qing Dynasty, it became the prototype of the later Army Division. Later, after the founding of the Republic of China, more than ten towns were added to the formation, and most of them were divided by the three families of Zhi, Anhui, and Feng.

    In order to distinguish the armies organized by local warlords from the central army, they usually put the name of the province in front of each division. For example, the First Division of the Army is the central army, and the First Division of Hubei is just a local miscellaneous army.

    The internal organization of the Feng Faction and the People's Army is also in chaos.  For example, the original People's Army had the 4th Cavalry Division, the 5th, 9th, and 10th Army Divisions, the original Fengjun Army had the 4th, 5th, 9th, and 10th Divisions; the original People's Army had the 26th Cavalry Division, and the newly reorganized 23rd Division is directly numbered with the original  The 23rd Fengjun Division overlapped, the 26th Division overlapped with the original 26th Cavalry Division of the People's Army, and so on.

    The solution is to add 10 to the old Fengjun number to become the 14th, 15th, 19th, 20th, and 33rd divisions, and the newly formed 26th division will be changed to the 22nd division.

    The serial number is easy to handle, but the confusion of military ranks needs to be overhauled.  The People's Army was born out of Fengjun and is basically the same as the Beiyang Army. Its military ranks at regiment and below are similar to those abroad, but at the division and brigade level, there are changes, and this change is still very unreasonable.

    The brigade commander of the Beiyang Army is generally a major general, and the corresponding military rank of a division commander is a lieutenant general.  But when he first learned from Germany, the commander of a division was only a major general.  Moreover, there are countless generals in the Beiyang Army. The chief of the General Staff Headquarters, the chief of the Army Department, and the generals in the general administration (often the larger warlords or the earliest commanders of divisions) are all titled generals. This is a typical high-ranking but low-ranking position.

    The "Grade List of Army Officers and Soldiers" promulgated in the first year of the Republic of China divided officers into "third-level and nine-level", and had two special provisions: before the general's official title was awarded, a false title could be added first, such as Cai, the famous national protector.  A lieutenant general in the army can be given the title of general, and after an officer is killed in battle or dies of illness, he can be awarded a higher military rank based on his merits during his lifetime.

    Later, due to more military conflicts, they often proclaimed themselves "commanders", and some local warlords also named themselves generals. Later, Chiang Kai-shek once said: "Compared with the great powers, the Kuomintang army has extremely weak combat effectiveness and many generals.  The generals have lost count¡­¡±

    Originally, Zhang Hanqing had long wanted to demote the rank of division commander to major general, but considering the feelings of countless demoted generals and many elders from various places who had left the military but still held the rank of general, and Lin Zun strongly suggested that he adopt  The approach of "high officials and few soldiers" was used to maintain stability, so this initiative never came to fruition.

    ??And whether they can be promoted or demoted is a characteristic of Chinese officialdom. The Beiyang government has created so many generals. How to arrange them in the new military system?  If these people are promoted to generals, the number of generals in the new military system will be overwhelming. Then won¡¯t the officers who have worked so hard to climb to the rank of colonel or major become disheartened?  In order to avoid causing riots among our own people, we could only let this chaos continue. Now we have the opportunity to change.

    The division that was reorganized in 1923 has become the standard 3 brigades and 9 regiments of the People's Army with 32,310 people, which is close to the military structure of foreign countries. Therefore, it makes sense that the division commander at this time is a lieutenant general.  In Zhang Hanqing's conception of military ranks, he planned to link the commander of the army with the lieutenant general. The current division and the future army are at the same level. We just have to wait for the division to be expanded into an army.

    In addition, he planned to follow the practice of later British military systems. Each level of position corresponds to only one military rank. If the position remains unchanged, the military rank will remain unchanged.  The advantage of this is that it can stimulate the enthusiasm of officers to do their jobs and reduce the disadvantages of being able to go up but not down.  But below the deputy battalion commander, there are some changes.

    According to the "People's Army Military Rank System" drafted by him, military ranks are divided into six levels and twenty levels, including commander, general, colonel, lieutenant, sergeant and soldier:

    The highest level of marshal is the Grand Marshal of the Army, Navy and Air Force of the Republic of China, and currently it is estimated that there can only be Zhang Zuolin; the second is the Marshal of the Republic of China, which has the same position as a general. It is an honorary position above the general and is also a lifelong position.

    There are five general levels: general, general, lieutenant general, major general, and brigadier general. The deputy positions at each level are reduced by one rank.  Pay attention to the deputy positions at each level here. Taking the division as an example, they refer to the deputy division commander, chief of staff, director of the division political department, division logistics director, etc. under the division headquarters.

    General is the highest administrative position in the People's Army, held by the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Army, and Future Air Force and members of the Military Commission; because the Chief of General Staff and Director of the General Political Department of the four headquarters of the People's Army are also members of the Military Commission, they are traditionally members of the Military Commission.  He is one level higher than the Director of General Logistics and the Director of General Armaments, and his deputy position is at the same level as the commanders of each military region and the principal positions of the other two ministries.

    The generals will be the commanders of all military regions, commanders of services and non-members of the Military Commission of the Fourth Headquarters of the People's Army, as well as the future deputy ministers of defense and deputy posts of the Navy, Army and Air Force Headquarters. In addition, the president of the National Defense University who has not entered the Military Commission,The director of the National Defense Science and Industry Committee will also be at this level.

    The lieutenant general will be the future army commander and the current division commander;

    The major general will be the future division commander and the current brigade commander;

    The brigadier general will be the future brigade commander, current deputy brigade commander and brigade chief of staff.

    There are three levels of school officers in succession, and the deputy positions at each level are also reduced by one military rank: the colonel is the regiment commander, the lieutenant colonel is the deputy regiment commander, and the major is the battalion commander.

    As the core of the grassroots level, there are four levels of lieutenants: captain, lieutenant, second lieutenant, and warrant officer:

    The captain is the deputy battalion commander and the company commander who has completed three years;

    The lieutenant is the company commander, the deputy company commander who has been serving for three years or the platoon commander who has been serving for five years;

    Second lieutenants are deputy company commanders, platoon commanders, and deputy platoon commanders who have served for two years;

    Warrant officer is a reserve officer, specially designed for deputy platoon commanders. It is also the first rank for ordinary military academy graduates to enter the army.

    The non-commissioned officer rank is an officer who is not an officer. There are three levels:

    A sergeant is a squad leader who has been in charge for two years and a deputy squad leader who has been in office for four years;

    Sergeant is the squad leader and the deputy squad leader after three years of service;

    Corporal, deputy squad leader, and above-grade private for two years or more;

    The rank of private is promoted to recruits who have been in the army for one year.

    If the former Beiyang generals who are not serving in these positions and fail to serve in the People's Army, they will no longer enjoy the military ranks issued according to the new military system, and the original military ranks will become an honor

    Don¡¯t be afraid of them rebelling.  First, most of them have left the military and have little influence on national affairs; in addition, Zhang Hanqing has already arranged their places for relatively powerful figures.

    Although the power is not great, the position is high (even if it is false). If you think about it, the cost of opposition is too high and the risks are unknown, so those who are really dissatisfied do not speak loudly.  As a result, this military rank system is completely a competition of honor directed and performed by the People's Army, and people who have lost their country can only obey helplessly.

    The advantage of this is that it is a difficult choice for those motley crews: accepting the military rank of the People's Army means accepting the management of the People's Army at the same time, and also accepting the ideas, style, and purpose of the People's Army. If things go on like this, will they be able to control the army again?  It's all a problem.  Of course, Feng Yuxiang and other national troops do not accept this kind of military rank, and that is as it should be.

    "The People's Army Rank System" also provides detailed provisions for promotion channels and retirement. In addition, in order to enhance the sense of honor of officers and soldiers, Zhang Hanqing also designed the marshal's scepter, epaulettes, collar badges, cap badges and medal systems.

    Medals are easy to understand. There was the Jiahe Medal in the Republic of China, the Blue Sky and White Sun Medal in later generations, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were the August 1st Medal, the Red Star, the Medal of Independence and Freedom, and the Medal of Liberation However, Zhang Hanqing felt that the name should be changed: Those who have made great contributions to the country will be awarded the "Medal of the Republic"  ", this is currently the highest honorary award; those who have made outstanding achievements in various achievements will be awarded first- and second-level "Struggle Medals" in sequence, followed by many medals

    The design of the epaulettes is mainly for ease of understanding: the design of the epaulettes for school-level officers is the "two bars holding a star" that we have heard of, while the design for lieutenant-level officers is "one bar smashing the star". Of course, the design of the shoulder insignias for warrant officers and majors is the same "two bars"  "One star", but the same star turned into silver (not real silver, too much to afford!).

    The traditional generals are basically Venus Pengye. From the beginning of the major general, there is one more star.

    The position of brigadier general was equated with the rank of colonel in later generations of China. However, during military exchanges with the West, Chinese officers suffered a bit.  This is because the group of brigadiers in the West is arranged according to the general level. Of course, countries may have different differences due to their national conditions, but basically they all believe that "no matter how small a (brigadier) general is, he is bigger than a (major) colonel." He believes that a major colonel is just a comparison  Just a senior colonel.

    So Zhang Hanqing decided to retain the military rank of "Brigadier General", but what is more special is that its shoulder strap design is the same as that of Major General, and both are one, but the stars are replaced by silver The advantage of this is that it reduces the number of generals. Comparison  The large number of deputy division level cadres is both a stimulus and a spur to the team.

    As for the marshal, will it be five stars?  Of course not, aren¡¯t you tired of counting?  A marshal must have the dignity of a marshal!  According to Zhang Hanqing's design, their epaulettes are all made of pure gold and have a national emblem.  Of course, what better reflects his dignity is that the marshal has a scepter.

    Speaking of scepters, Zhang Hanqing is most familiar with the descriptions of "Jie", "Jie Jie", "Shizhi Jie" and "Jie Jie Yue" during the Three Kingdoms period and the glory of the German Marshal's scepter during World War II. Of course, about Japan  The legend of the saber is also full of ears.

    "However, the ancient Chinese "jie" is a kind of power, the German marshal's scepter is the highest honor of a soldier, and the Japanese saber is a pit.  Although it is a symbol of the martial spirit, it seems a bit silly to carry such a bulky and basically useless guy in the era of hot weapons

    The marshal's scepter is necessary.  In order to reflect its nobility, Zhang Hanqing designed a Kowloon scepter with different ends and faces, using precious gold and silver as the main body and traditional Chinese gold and jade as the base. It is half a meter long and 3 centimeters in diameter.  The staffs are basically similar, but the end of the navy is an anchor, the air force is an eagle, and the army is a tiger.

    The veterans of the Feng Dynasty were very interested in this. Although they were called commander-in-chief, in fact, their highest military rank in the Republic of China was just general.  It's just that the military rank system for young marshals is very stingy. Although in theory, up to 20 generals can be promoted at the same time, this is because of the advantages of the military rank system. If you want to be promoted to marshal, you need to perform meritorious service!  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com)Zhang Hanqing used precious gold and silver as the main body and traditional Chinese gold-inlaid jade as the base. He designed a Kowloon scepter with different end faces. It is half a meter long and 3 centimeters in diameter. The marshal's scepter of the three armed forces is basically similar, but the Navy  The terminal surface of the air force is the anchor, the terminal surface of the air force is the eagle, and the terminal surface of the army is the tiger.

    The veterans of the Feng Dynasty were very interested in this. Although they were called commander-in-chief, in fact, their highest military rank in the Republic of China was just general.  It's just that the military rank system for young marshals is very stingy. Although in theory, up to 20 generals can be promoted at the same time, this is because of the advantages of the military rank system. If you want to be promoted to marshal, you need to perform meritorious service!  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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