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Chapter 368 New Situation between China and Russia

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    Because of the embattled international environment, the Soviet Russian government was eager to open the door to China, the great eastern country. After all, the Sino-Soviet border was long and the people who were bullied felt the same. Holding together for warmth was the instinctive reaction of people trapped in the severe cold.  However, since the Central Committee of the Beiyang Government has always taken the principle of resolving the issues of returning Kurun and Chaktu as the basis and then holding a meeting on Sino-Russian relations, Yulin, the representative of the Soviet Far East, came to Beijing for consultations.  As a result, he went to Shenyang to discuss with Zhang Zuolin.

    The official history of this matter was that the five conditions proposed by Youlin were unacceptable to the central and local governments.  As a far-sighted politician, Zhang Hanqing tried his best to promote peace between the three eastern provinces and Soviet Russia.  So when Youlin came to Shenyang, he only met one more person than Zhengshi, but he got a domino effect.

    This person is Zhang Hanqing.

    Youlin still stubbornly put forward five seemingly unacceptable conditions: the "Sino-Russian-Mongolian Treaty" is still valid; Russia sends 500 troops to be stationed in Kulun (Note: Today's Ulaanbaatar); Mongolians related to independence |  No liability will be pursued; China will compensate Russia for the military cost of sending troops to Coulomb 6 million; the China-Eastern Railway will be jointly protected by troops from both countries.

    To sum up, these five points actually have only two meanings: Russia's interests in Mongolia must be maintained, and Russia's interests in the Middle East must be satisfied.

    It seems that the economy of Soviet Russia has indeed been affected, so much so that even in extremely difficult circumstances, it still did not forget the Middle East route that could bring huge benefits. However, it still refused to give up its attempt to split Mongolia, not caring that it was still in a difficult situation.  Surrounded on three sides.  Sometimes Zhang Hanqing also thinks that this is what makes Lao|Maozi's ambition different from others: one word: "ruthless!"

    But Zhang Hanqing was the first and probably the only "Knowledge of the Soviet Union" in China.  His "knowledge" not only understood the entire ins and outs of his regime from its birth to its demise, but he also understood extremely clearly that the Soviet Union was facing a huge political and economic crisis at this time.

    The Soviet regime, which was just established, faced threats from the White Army, which was unwilling to withdraw from the stage of history, and the foreign intervention forces, which were jointly composed of Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Italy and Belgium, and could not tolerate the birth of a socialist country. It was facing political and military difficulties internally and externally.  Whether it could win the final battle, no one was fully sure at that time; economically, the Soviet Union was almost at the end of its rope and almost completely devastated.

    During the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921, Lenin sent telegrams to all parts of the country in order to ensure that the Soviet regime received sufficient supplies of supplies to the greatest extent possible and at the same time try to directly transition to a communist society: "There is no food. The red capital is suffering from famine.  And on the verge of destruction I ask you, in the name of the Soviet Socialist Republic, to support Petrograd without hesitation."

    So in June 1918, the Supreme Council of National Economic Affairs adopted the policy of implementing "war communism".  This policy mainly includes: compulsory expropriation of all grain from farmers except for subsistence (i.e. surplus grain collection system), nationalization of all large and medium-sized enterprises, state monopoly of all foreign trade activities, prohibition of commodity transactions and implementation of planned rationing system, strict control of workers  management system, where strikers are immediately shot.

    Wartime communist policies soon led to economic collapse. By 1921, Russia's heavy industry output was only 20% of what it had been in 1913 before World War I. From 1918 to 1920, Petrograd lost 75% of its population, while Moscow's  The population also decreased by 50%.  The surplus grain collection system also severely dampened farmers' enthusiasm for farming and became the main cause of future famines.

    ¡°Soviet Russia, which was already on the verge of collapse, is still in its current state and is still demanding the final benefits from China. This shows China¡¯s status in the hearts of the great powers at that time!  But Zhang Hanqing ignored his anger and would be beaten if he fell behind. This is a historical fact.  To get out of this predicament, only China becomes stronger.  According to the current situation in China, its main task is to make the Fengcian faction stronger as soon as possible.

    Regarding the representatives of the Soviet Russian government, Zhang Hanqing did not need to make excuses at all. He pointed out bluntly: "Since Soviet Russia has expressed its desire to give up all aggressive territories and unequal treaties, then:

    1. The originally unequal treaty "Sino-Russian-Mongolian Treaty" needs to be abrogated, and both parties can make a new treaty based on the principle of equality and reciprocity.  However, stationing troops in Kulun violates China's sovereignty and cannot be discussed;

    2. The Soviet Union sent troops to Kulun to clean up its border security. The Chinese government also spent troops and money to clear out the White Russian army in China. Who will pay the bill?

    3. The Middle East Railway has been under the jurisdiction of China. Fengjun has the ability to ensure the normal operation of the railway, so there is no need to worry.  But it also guaranteed: 'For the shareholders of the railway, those who hold the company's bonds, and foreigners who have debts to the company, the China Eastern Railway Supervision and Administration Office should bear the responsibility for the debts'.

    4. Once the two parties sign an agreement, Fengjun will guarantee that it willp; Zhang Hanqing knew it well, but he wanted to eliminate the unstable factors in the north as soon as possible, and believed that he had already obtained substantial possession rights. There was no need to argue about such superficial matters when the country was not yet strong.

    Because the old Russian forces withdrew from Harbin, the Northeast Autonomous Government gained control of Harbin Customs.  Today, since China's economic center of gravity is in the south, its importance is not felt; but at that time, Harbin Customs was one of the most important sources of tax revenue in northern China, and its influence on the national economy was no less important than that of Shanghai, Tianjin and other places.  .

    The acquisition of the Middle East Road by the Fengxi faction is a major financial source; the acquisition of Harbin Customs is another important cash cow.  In order to stand out among the Beiyang warlords who "changed the king's flag at the top of the city" and take control of Beijing and unify the country according to the ambitions of Lao Zhang and Xiao Zhang, it is unimaginable without such strong financial support.  The plan for Northeast economic development and the first pot of gold were unearthed from here.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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