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The Five Tiger Generals of the Northeast Army in History

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    The five tiger generals of the Northeast Army in history: Guo Songling, Jiang Dengxuan, Li Jinglin, Han Linchun, and Zhang Zongchang

    Guo Songling (1883-1925), courtesy name Maochen, Han nationality, was a famous general in the Fengjun Army.  Guo Songling was born in Yuqiaozhai Village in the eastern suburbs of Shengjing (now Zhaojiapu Village, Shenjingzi Town, Dongling District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province), and her ancestral home is Fenyang County, Shanxi.  According to genealogy tracing and narration passed down from generation to generation, the Guo family is the descendant of Guo Ziyi, King of Fenyang, a famous general of the Tang Dynasty.  Guo Songling's distant ancestors moved to the Northeast to guard the border in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, due to civil strife and war, the family business disappeared, and his grandfather moved to Yuqiaozhai Village.  Guo Songling's father, Guo Fuxing, once wanted to pursue fame and revive the family business, but the decline of his family forced him to give up his career as an official and became a private school teacher in the countryside.  Guo Songling's mother was a typical rural woman who was hardworking and kind-hearted. Although her family was not rich, she often helped people who were in more need than herself. This had a profound cultural influence on Guo Songling.  When Guo Songling was 19 years old, her father found a job in the provincial capital. The family's life was maintained, and Guo Songling, who had dropped out of school for 7 years, no longer had to help farm the land.  In 1903, Guo Songling entered the academy opened by Mr. Dong Hanru in Changwang Village in the southeast of the provincial capital to continue his studies, hoping to embark on an official career.  Here, Guo Songling came into contact with and studied some emerging knowledge disciplines, especially some Western studies, which broadened his horizons.  However, after studying for less than two years, he was forced to drop out of school again due to the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War.  Guo Songling's hometown was a war zone between Japan and Russia. Artillery fire destroyed many houses and many residents were killed and injured.  The disaster of the Russo-Japanese War deeply touched Guo Songling, and this inspired him to join the army to serve the country.  In the autumn of 1905, General Zhao Erxun of Shengjing established the Fengtian Army Primary School in Dabeiguan, Fengtian, to cultivate junior military personnel in the army.  Guo Songling asked her distant cousin, who was on duty at Jiangjun Yamen, to be her guarantor and recommender, and her excellent results were appreciated by the examiner and she got her wish.  In 1906, Guo Songling was selected to study at the Fengtian Army Crash Course.  This is a brand new secondary military school, which was added by Zhao Erxun to the Fengtian Army Primary School in order to accelerate the cultivation of military talents.  While studying here, Guo Songling had a close relationship with Fang Shengtao, a member of the Tongmenghui who served as an instructor, and was exposed to the ideas of democratic revolution from him.  In 1907, Guo Songling graduated with honors.  After the probation period, he served as the sentry commander (equivalent to the platoon leader) of the Shengjing General Yamen Guards. Because of his rigorous leadership and diligence in his duties, he was deeply appreciated by the army commander Zhu Qinglan.  From then on, Guo formed a close subordinate relationship with Zhu and followed Zhu for a long time.  In 1909, Zhu Qinglan was transferred to Sichuan to garrison and served as the 34th Assistant Commander of the Army.  Guo Songling followed him to Sichuan and served as company commander of the 68th Regiment.  Although Zhu Qinglan is not a member of the Tongmenghui, he supports the activities of the Tongmenghui.  Under his cover, the Tongmenghui organization was established in the army and a group of Tongmenghui members were gathered, such as Cheng Qian, Fang Shengtao and others.  In 1910, Guo Songling joined the New Army Tongmenghui after being introduced by Fang Shengtao and Ye Quan, and became one of the early members of the Tongmenghui.  In 1911, a road protection movement took place in Sichuan. The Sichuan Alliance used the road protection comrades to launch an armed uprising and besiege Chengdu.  Guo Songling, who had been promoted to the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 68th Biao, was responsible for the defense of northern Chengdu. He politely persuaded the masses and the siege was resolved without bloodshed.  As a result, Sichuan Governor Zhao Erfeng dismissed him from his position as battalion commander on suspicion of collaborating with bandits, and was only reinstated at Zhu Qinglan's request.  After the Wuchang Uprising, various parts of Sichuan became independent one after another. The "Han Sichuan Military Government" was established in Chengdu, with Zhu Qinglan as deputy governor.  But soon, the Sichuan generals incited the local army to launch a mutiny, and Zhu Qinglan and the guest generals were forced to leave Sichuan.  Guo Songling, who had a close relationship with Zhu, was also unable to gain a foothold and resigned and returned to Fengtian.  In 1911, he was promoted to commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 68th Biao.  After the Wuchang Uprising, Zhu Qinglan was excluded and left Sichuan, and Guo Songling returned to Fengtian.  In Fengtian, he participated in the United Promotion Association led by Zhang Rong and conspired to revolt, but was arrested by the Qing government authorities and wanted to be beheaded. Later, Han Shuxiu risked her own life to intercept the execution car and told her that Guo Songling was his fianc¨¦ and that he returned to Fengtian to hold a wedding.  He was released only after he did not join the revolutionary party.  Guo Songling and Han Shuxiu got married.  In 1912, Guo Songling was admitted to the Beijing General Academy Research Institute.  In the autumn of 1913, Guo Songling was admitted to the Army University of China and served as an instructor at the Beijing Martial Arts Hall after graduation.  In 1917, Sun Yat-sen established the military government to protect the law. Guo Songling defected to Sun Yat-sen and was later appointed as the staff officer of the Guangdong-Jiangxi-Hunan Border Defense Supervision Office and the battalion commander of the Guangdong Provincial Guard Army. Later, he was transferred to the instructor of the Shaoguan Lecture Hall.  After the failure of the law-protection movement led by Sun Yat-sen, Guo Songling was unable to stay in Guangzhou and had to return to Fengtian and served as a tactical instructor at the Army Lecture Hall in the three eastern provinces.  During this period, he met Zhang Xueliang, who was studying in the Jiangwu Hall.  After Zhang Xueliang's recommendation, Guo Songling was appointed chief of staff and leader of the second regiment by Zhang Zuolin.  In 1921, Zhang Zuolin appointed Guo Songling as the commander of the 8th Brigade, which formed the headquarters with the 3rd Brigade led by Zhang Xueliang.  In the first direct-to-Fengtian war in 1922, the Fengjun army was defeated across the board. Only the east-route troops led by Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling were victorious, defeating Wu Peifu's plan to break through Shanhaiguan and realize the direct attack on Guandong.  In the Second Zhili-Fengtian War in 1924, Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling served as the chief and deputy commanders of the Third Army, and the First Army, with Jiang Dengxuan and Han Linchun as chief and deputy commanders, served as"Zhang Han energizes the current situation" by Ji Bing.  When the Anguo military government was established on June 18, he served as commander of the Army's Fourth Army Corps and president of Army University.  He resigned due to illness at the end of the year.  In the winter of 1927, Han Linchun suffered a sudden stroke.  Died of illness in 1931 at the age of 46.

    Zhang Zongchang (1881¡«1932.9.3), also known as Xiaokun.  In the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1899), he went to the Northeast to make a living. During this period, he worked odd jobs, carried out long-term labor, and worked as a herdsman for an old wealthy family. Later, he lived in Vladivostok.  After the Wuchang Uprising of 1911, he personally led more than a hundred people to surrender to Hu Ying, the commander-in-chief of the Shandong People's Army. He then went to Shanghai and served as the commander of the independent cavalry regiment of the Liberation Army.  In 1912, he served as commander of the third cavalry regiment of the third division of Jiangsu Province and commander of the fifth brigade.  In July 1913, he joined Feng Guozhang and served successively as the supervisor of the Jiangsu Army Officer Education Corps, the deputy chief of the Jiangsu General Office, and the military attach¨¦ of the Presidential Palace.  Later he was appointed as the commander of Jiangsu Provisional First Division.  He led his troops to attack the French Protectorate Army and served as the commander-in-chief of the second route.  In 1920, the army was defeated and the department was disbanded.  In 1921, he went to Zhang Zuolin's office in Fengtian and served successively as senior adviser to the patrol office, commander of the gendarmerie battalion, commander of "bandit" suppression in Suining, and garrison envoy of Suining.  In 1923, he served as commander of the Third Northeast Mixed Brigade.  In September 1924, he served as deputy commander of the Second Army of the Fengjun Army during the Second Zhili-Fengtian War.  After the Second Zhili-Fengtian War, he was appointed commander of the First Army of the Xuanfu Army.  At the beginning of 1925, he served as the commander of the bandit suppression in Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong.  In April, he was appointed as the Supervisor of Shandong Military Affairs.  In July, he concurrently served as governor of Shandong Province.  At the beginning of 1926, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Zhili-Shandong Allied Forces.  In June 1927, he was appointed commander of the Second Front Army.  In August 1928, he was defeated and exiled, and for a time he fled to Dalian and Japan.  In the third year of his rule as Governor of Lu, he imposed excessive taxes and imposed more than 50 kinds of taxes.  He once brutally suppressed the strike of Qingdao Rishang Cotton Mill workers, causing the "Qingdao Massacre"; suppressed the Jinan labor movement and killed labor movement leaders Lu Bojun, Zhu Xigeng, Shi Dejin, Song Boxing, etc.  He returned to China from Japan in 1932 and lived in hiding in the Tianjin Concession.  On September 3 of the same year, he was shot dead by Zheng Jicheng, a counselor of the Shandong Provincial Government, at the Jinan Station of the Jinpu Railway.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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