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Chapter 3 War Machine

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    On October 20, Zhang Xueliang, who had just returned to Shenyang, had no time to rest and immediately convened a meeting of all the top military and political leaders in Northeast China to implement his first step in governing and developing Northeast China and formulating the first "Five-Year Development Plan" in Northeast China.

    First of all, Zhang Xueliang's first sentence at the meeting was to cut the knot quickly and declare that the military and political affairs of all strata in the Northeast should be separated. Soldiers are not allowed to hold government official positions. At the same time, local government officials are absolutely not allowed to set foot in the military circles. The power of the military and political circles is ultimately vested in the highest administrative level in the Northeast.  And merged with the hands of military commander Zhang Xueliang.  After this is implemented, the situation where the garrison commander of a certain place is also the mayor of the local town or the mayor of a certain place and the rank of lieutenant colonel will no longer exist. This will also greatly reduce the chance of the integration of military and political power to create intricate local forces, because  The rampant local forces are not conducive to the overall stability of the Northeast and Zhang Xueliang's centralized rule.  At this time, large and small local warlords all over the country were caused by the central government's difficulty in restricting the distribution of their power. Most of the provincial chairmen also held the rank of lieutenant general and general, and were in charge of both the government agencies and the military power of the province. They became individuals.  Therefore, the "Tu Emperor" often did not listen to the orders of the Nanjing Central Committee.

    As for government agencies, Zhang Xueliang once again made drastic reforms, abolishing various previous government agencies during Zhang Zuolin's period, and re-establishing 16 departments, namely: the Department of Border Defense (which is in charge of the Northeast Border Defense Force and is the highest military agency in the Northeast), the Ministry of Security (that is, the Northeast's  intelligence and espionage organizations), the Ministry of Public Security (responsible for public security in the Northeast and the construction of the Northeast police and armed police and special armed police forces), the Ministry of Justice (formulation of local laws and regulations in the Northeast), and the Ministry of Prosecution (overseeing the operation of government agencies and the corruption of officials in politics)  ), the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Industry (including the Ministry of Light Industry and the Ministry of Heavy Industry), the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce and Trade, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Propaganda, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Social Construction and the Ministry of Administration, except for a few foreign affairs departments,  The rest are the same as national government agencies, with departments, bureaus, divisions and other work departments under their jurisdiction.  The purpose of this reform is to streamline the previously bloated government agencies, eliminate many unnecessary departments and units, reduce and reduce a large amount of government funds, and also make them operate more efficiently.  Candidates for ministers of various departments are to be announced.

    At this time, the Northeast was governed by the four provinces of Liaoning, Rehe, Jilin, and Heilongjiang (the originally occupied provinces of Hebei, Chahar, and the cities of Peking and Tianjin were all lost during the Northern Expedition). The governors of each province were elected: Zhang Zuoxiang for Liaoning  As provincial governors, Zhai Wen was selected as the governor of Jilin Province, Mo Dehui was the governor of Heilongjiang Province, and Ji Jinchun was the governor of Rehe Province (all appointed by the Nanjing government on the recommendation of Zhang Xueliang).

    After Zhang Xueliang read out the relevant personnel selection lists of various government departments, he also announced the establishment of the "Northeast Civil Assembly" (equivalent to the later People's Congress representative system), announcing that it would be held every six months, and the participants would be the people's representatives of the counties (cities) in the Northeast.  These people's representatives are elected by the local people. They will convey the demands and voices of the people at the bottom of the Northeast to the civil assembly, thereby changing the relevant policies of the Northeast's top government. This policy also indirectly allows the idea of ??democracy to spread in the Northeast.  .

    Next, in the first step of the formal plan, Zhang Xueliang made an unprecedented announcement to hold a "land reform" movement in the four northeastern provinces, that is, the "Land Reform Movement", and promulgated the "Northeast China Land Reform Law" (of course, in accordance with the later "Land Reform of the People's Republic of China"  It was adapted from the "Law of the Communist Party of China" and was specifically improved by Zhang Zuoxiang and a group of professionals based on the actual situation in Northeast China). This plan was of course copied by Zhang Xueliang from the policies of the later years when the Communist Party was in power, but it was much milder than the Communist Party's time, and at the same time it was also  It was more thorough than Yang Yuting's "dividing reclaimed wasteland for farmers" at that time.  First, private ownership of land was abolished, land was stipulated to be owned by the government, and a land contract system for the peasant class was implemented.  Large amounts of private land hoarded by local warlords and bureaucrats, such as the large tracts of land occupied by the Tang Yulin and Chang Yinhuai families, were all confiscated and then distributed to farmers who registered with the government in accordance with the Land Law.  In order to reduce the resistance to implementation, Zhang Xueliang adopted the policy of "economically protecting the rich peasants", which stabilized the national bourgeoisie and was conducive to the development of the rural economy.  Of course, some notorious big landowners struck mercilessly and confiscated their land assets.  In this way, in a very short period of time, the vast number of farmers and tenants in the Northeast who have no or little land will be allocated land and a large amount of production materials for free. The farmers cultivate the land and pay taxes directly to the government in accordance with national laws, thus directly eliminating the need to pay taxes to the landlord class.  heavy and demanding land rent.  In this way, farmers' enthusiasm for production will be greatly improved, and Northeastern agriculture will directly develop rapidly. While farmers' lives will be benefited and improved, it will also greatly enrich Northeastern government finances.

    Zhang Xueliang also ordered the militia troops to carry out a large-scale reclamation campaign, which allowed large areas of wasteland in the Northeast to be developed and utilized, and also increased the area of ??cultivated land in the Northeast.

    In terms of economic development, a number of government-operated "state-owned enterprises" have been established, except for the Northeast Refinery?Comrade Stalin¡¯s reception, cheers to the friendship between China and the Soviet Union!  "Liang Zhongjia also stood up and raised his glass politely, and all the representatives from the Northeast also drank in one gulp like Liang Zhongjia. As a man from the Northeast, and most of them are soldiers guarding the border, they still have enough drinking capacity.

    Molotov's heart moved. He keenly sensed the intention of the Northeast delegation from Liang Zhongjia's congratulatory speech. Sure enough, it was not for territorial disputes and other issues. As expected, Zhang Xueliang came specifically to show his friendliness and "not anti-communist".  "Attitude, so that I can at least explain to Stalin.

    We spent more than an hour eating a simple meal in a friendly atmosphere where Chinese and Russian languages ??blended together.  Lao Maozi is Lao Maozi, vodka is high-purity alcohol mixed with water, and all he eats is bread with butter. How can the Chinese eat so exquisitely? There are so many famous dishes from the eight major cuisines in our country, and the Northeastern representatives at the dinner were all worried about it.  think.

    "We are here on behalf of the Northeastern government and Marshal Zhang Xueliang to convey to your government our friendship with your country and your people and our hope to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two sides in business, trade, military cooperation and other aspects."  At the bilateral symposium, Liang Zhongjia got straight to the point.

    As expected!  Molotov thought to himself, with a calm smile on his face: "Oh, the Soviet government and the Soviet people are also very eager to live in peace with the Northeastern government. This is great. Comrade Stalin is also  For those who are paying close attention to the situation in Northeast China, I believe Comrade Stalin would be pleased with the Northeast government¡¯s friendship.¡±

    "Haha, peaceful coexistence between China and the Soviet Union is also a blessing for the two peoples."

    After some polite words and greetings, Liang Zhongjia, who was a soldier, was not interested in playing the word-cutting game in diplomacy, and directly and happily stated Zhang Xueliang's various specific items of bilateral cooperation one by one.  Molotov, who spoke directly, gradually turned from listening attentively at the beginning to being secretly surprised until he was a little speechless at the end, because the so-called "conditions for cooperation" that Liang Zhongjia kept talking about were far beyond his own.  This is beyond what a foreign minister can answer.

    ¡ª¡ªOriginally, there were many things to be written below, such as a series of "Tieling Incident", "Middle East Railway Incident", "Wanbaoshan Incident", "Nakamura Espionage Incident", "Central Plains Incident" that occurred in the Northeast from the beginning of 1929 to 1933  "World War", "Three Friends Rebellion", as well as the various setbacks and difficulties Zhang Xueliang encountered when building Northeast China, anti-corruption, counter-espionage, and several assassinations of Zhang Xueliang by the Japanese, etc. However, some friends asked me to hurry up and write about fighting Japan.  Devil, just skip these long paragraphs for now and make up for them later.  (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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