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Chapter 66 Wu Jing¡¯s Visit (Part 2)

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    Chen Wanrong understood their mood and explained to them: "Dad, Mom, the oil contains colloids such as phospholipids. When water is added, the hydration reaction will occur, and it will precipitate. After eating, filter it with a cloth and it will become clear again.  .¡±

    The first step in making soap from lard is not the saponification reaction, but pre-treatment. Impurities such as colloids and pigments in the oil must be removed. There are many methods, including hydration, alkali refining, and acid refining.  The acid refining method requires sulfuric acid. Chen Wanrong did not have sulfuric acid, so he could only use the simplest hydration method.

    The refining oil is hydrated, and the effect is not bad, but it is more convenient.

    This is professional knowledge in chemistry. How could Chen Laoshi and his wife understand it? They were confused and confused.  Chen Wang nodded slightly, but Chen Laoshi kept praising it: "What a good idea! What a good idea!"

    In the minds of the Tang people, lard was for eating, and no one would use it to make soap like Chen Wanrong.  Not to mention Chen Laoshi, a poor family. Oil is so precious. Even if you kill yourself, you won¡¯t be able to add water to the oil. Naturally, you won¡¯t have the opportunity to witness such wonderful changes.

    "Wanrong, why did you add alkali to that bucket instead of just water?" Chen Wang was more thoughtful and discovered that the two buckets were different.

    After she reminded him, Chen Laoshi came to his senses, touched his forehead and said, "Yes, Wan Rong, why is this?"

    ?? One barrel has been refined, and the other has not been refined, and the processing methods are also different.  When oil encounters alkali, it will undergo a saponification reaction. A lot of flocs have appeared in the barrel, floating in the water. Chen Wanrong pointed to these flocs and explained: "Dad, mother, look at these flocs.  The things are not useless, but very useful. These flocs can absorb the pigments and impurities in the oil, thereby achieving the purpose of removing impurities."

    If lard is saponified directly without pre-treatment, impurities will be introduced.  Using the alkali refining method, a trace amount of alkali is added to cause a saponification reaction to form flocculent bases, which can remove pigments and impurities from the oil. This method is both convenient and easy to use.

    "It's a pity that even with such a simple method, Chen Laoshi and his wife were like listening to heavenly scriptures and couldn't understand at all. Chen Laoshi touched his forehead and was confused.  Mrs. Chen Wang was much smarter. She knew that she could not understand this matter, so she simply did not explore it and said: "Wanrong, let's eat first."

    After dinner, there was still business to do, and Chen Wanrong had no objection. The three of them ate around the table.

    Chen Laoshi and his wife have already seen the use of leather wastewater to make soap, but they have never seen lard used to make soap. They were very curious and ate much faster.  After a while, the couple put down the bowl. As soon as Chen Laoshi put the bowl down, he slipped over to the bucket and looked at it.

    Chen Wanrong helped Chen Wang clean up the pots and pans, and then he cut the linen he bought yesterday with scissors and spread it three layers in the hand sieve used to filter waste water.  Then put a clean wooden barrel next to the oil barrel, put two wooden boards on it, and put the hand screen on top.  Use a ladle to pick up the oil and water and pour it into the hand sieve. There is a gurgling sound and the oil and water flow into the bucket.

    This kind of filtration speed is very fast, and all the oil and water flow into the bucket in the blink of an eye.  I saw only a layer of impurities on the linen cloth, as well as some tiny oil residue, which turned white after being soaked in water.

    Looking at these impurities, Chen Laoshi and his wife couldn't help but be amazed. They never imagined that there were so many impurities in lard for human consumption.  Chen Laoshi said in shock: "Is the oil so dirty? How much more can I eat in the future?"

    There was no feed in the Tang Dynasty, and pigs were fed with grain. It can definitely be called environmentally friendly food. It couldn't be safer. There is nothing that cannot be eaten.  These impurities were produced by chemical reactions. Chen Wanrong comforted him and said, "Dad, don't think so much. These are two different things. These things are harmful when used to make soap, but they are fine when used to eat."

    ???????? Chen Wang was originally as surprised and suspicious as Chen Laoshi, but she was relieved after hearing Chen Wanrong¡¯s words. When she touched Chen Laoshi, she said: ¡°Old man, don¡¯t think nonsense.¡±

    Chen Wanrong kept scooping up the oil and water and poured it into the hand sieve. After a while, it was all filtered. The impurities on the linen cloth were as thick as a little finger.  The oil and water in the bucket are as clear as before, and the original turbidity is gone.

    The next thing is almost the same as making soap from waste water. Put the oil and water into the pot and heat it up.  Adding caustic soda solution to cause saponification reaction and boiling until closure is a long process.  Taking advantage of this time, Chen Wanrong went to prepare the caustic soda solution. Chen Laoshi came over to help, while Chen Wang was responsible for raising the fire.

    After seeing that it was almost done, Chen Wanrong added salt for salting out.  After salting out, separate the soap base and water.  After the separation was completed, Chen Wanrong and Chen Laoshi carried buckets to dump the waste water.  The wastewater is rich in glycerin. If conditions permit, extracting the glycerol would be another treasure. However, without such conditions now, Chen Wanrong can only reluctantly give up.

    After washing with water and alkali, rosin is added to adjust the fragrance.After that, the first pot is ready.  The next step is to press and shape.

    Chen Wanrong was just about to find a mold, but Chen Laoshi had already come out with the mold. He shook the lid in his hand and said, "Wanrong, look, dad has fixed the characters for you. You can see if it works or not."

    Chen Wanrong took the lid and took a look. He saw some small wooden strips stuck to the lid, which were even smaller than the heads of chopsticks.  These wooden strips spell out the six characters "Chen's Chemical Soap" and are divided into two lines, with the four characters "Chen's Chemical" at the top and the two characters "Soap" at the bottom.

    The words were put together pretty well, far behind calligraphers, but much better than the words he wrote with a chisel. Chen Wanrong was very satisfied and said: "Thank you, Dad!"

    Chen Wanrong was very happy when he spoke frankly and sometimes did not save face for others, but he was dedicated to himself and thought of everything.

    Chen Laoshi was very pleased with it and said with a glow on his face: "Thank you very much. Dad saw that it was too difficult for you to write with the chisel, so he gave it to you. Just see if it works." He said with a lot of joy.

    Put the soap into the mold and shovel it flat, close the lid, move it to the table in the house and put it on it, then put a few stones on the lid to hold it down.  This pot is really finished, but it takes a lot of time, and it's almost lunch time.

    After resting for a while, I made the second pot.  After finishing the third pot, it was already sunset and not far from dark.

    After a day of hard work, it was really tiring. Not only Chen Wanrong was very tired, but Chen Laoshi and his wife were also very tired.  But when they saw the soaps neatly arranged on the table, Chen Laoshi and his wife couldn't close their mouths with laughter again: Although they were tired today, they had a fulfilling life, and what's more rare is that they are full of hope for the future!

    Chen Wanrong sat on a stool, leaned his back against the wall, panted, and did a few chest-expanding movements. It was so comfortable.

    "How much does this cost?" Chen Laoshi picked up a piece of soap and looked at it carefully, pleased with himself.

    "Dad, I'm back!" A loud voice came from outside the house.

    This voice is very familiar to Chen Wanrong and Chen Laoshi. It is Chen Zairong¡¯s voice.  Chen Laoshi said cheerfully: "Zai Rong!" Turning around, he saw Chen Zai Rong's tall figure appearing at the door, followed by two middle-aged men with extraordinary temperament.  The one on the left looks bookish and looks like a well-educated person.  The one on the right has bright and clear eyes, and his expression is full of energy when he turns. What's even more rare is that he has a sense of righteousness. You only need to look at him to know that this person is upright and selfless.

    "Zai Rong, what are you doing here? Today is not a day off, why don't you stop reading again?" Mrs. Chen Wang stared at Chen Zai Rong nervously.  Chen Zai Rong thought about dropping out of school several times. She didn't know how many times she had to go home in the middle of school. When she saw Chen Zai Rong, she had to think about it.

    But Chen Zairong came in relaxedly, put his arms around Chen Wang's neck, stuck out his tongue and licked Chen Wang's face, and said in a very naughty way: "Mom, don't worry, how can I not study? I am a yellow child.  Mr. Wu and Mr. Wu came to our home, and they made a special trip to visit me."

    Mr. Huang and Mr. Wu?  Could it be that they are Mr. Huang from the county hall and Wu Jing from the couple?  What do they want from me?  Chen Wanrong never expected that Wu and Huang would come to visit him. If he had worn glasses, the sound of shattering lenses would have filled his ears.

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