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Chapter 884: How Steel Is Tempered (Part 1)

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    The steel filling method was invented in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it became one of the main steelmaking methods in the Song Dynasty.

    However, even the steel pouring method, which can be described as an ancient super-advanced iron-smelting technology, is still not considered high-quality steel in Shen Kuo's eyes.

    He used to think that the steel produced by pouring steel was of the highest quality, but after going to the blacksmith workshop in Cizhou, he realized that what was produced by the past steel pouring technology was "false steel", and he himself thought that he  We have seen what "real steel" is.

    He said that Guangang is actually fake steel, relying on the hardness of pig iron. After two or three smelting, the pig iron will become proficient and become soft iron.

    But in fact, Shen Kuo had some prejudices against the steel filling method. The "true steel" he called was the steel produced by the hundred steel smelting method. This kind of steel was indeed infinitely powerful, but it was time-consuming and laborious.  Skills are also extremely demanding, and large-scale assembly and production is impossible. Rather, the steel pouring method is a technology that appeared to make up for the shortcomings of the hundred steelmaking method.

    So it is said that cultural people will inevitably carry private goods when they write something. It is also interesting to stand tall and sometimes not be able to see far.

    It is set to popularize the technology of pouring steel to everyone, and take everyone to operate in the large equipment of the ironworks.

    "High-end iron mines often only use the most simple smelting methods. Master Yu, who has been busy for two days, walked out of the iron factory in disgrace."

    Sure enough, things didn't go so smoothly. Some people saw the scene of Yan Zai sitting on the doorway in a daze with a dark face, and they started to complain, and there was also billowing black smoke in the ironworks, obviously some "equipment" was reimbursed  up.

    "Go and help me find Niao Cao, his bricks are not good, and he needs to improve."

    Apparently, some "equipment" was used by the congregation to operate beyond ironmaking specifications.

    Some people muttered in their hearts, Ah Zai, this is an illegal operation and is very dangerous.

    But he is Vulcan, professionals should not imitate

    So the person who sent the message left. Mrs. Niao Cao must be supervising the school, and it is easy to find.

    Yan Zai scratched his head.

    This batch of equipment is very important. At least it should be designed with super-standard smelting in mind. It can¡¯t be like the current situation, where a slight overload will kill you on the spot, spraying coal ash all over your face, that¡¯s not okay.

    Charcoal is better, coal is really uncomfortable.

    In the vicinity of the large ironworks, because of the large amount of coal and charcoal used for this spectacle, the nearby smoke and dust floated, surged and spread, but in this era, these particles that pollute the air, for those craftsmen, are exactly for them  The best reward for hard work and sweat.

    The flames are rising, bright and bright, the blast furnace is emitting heavy fireworks, and the dust is floating around

    Some people pull the bellows, some people step on the planks, some people open the furnace mouth, and send in or out iron ore.

    That strong arm is so powerful to pick up ore and utensils.

    The air is humid, but some places are too dry. Blast furnace ironmakingcraftsmen load the material from the top and blow air from the bottom, forming the relative movement of the charge falling and the gas rising

    The high-temperature gas produced by the fuel rises through the material layer and transfers heat to the furnace material. The carbon monoxide contained in it also reduces the iron oxide, so that the thermal energy and chemical energy of the fuel can be fully utilized at the same time

    The charge in the lower layer is being gradually reduced and melted.

    The charge on the upper layer is slowly descending from the top of the furnace.

    The flames and high temperature rose again.

    Yan Zai was a little angry, and even wanted to turn the blast furnace into a torch stump with a counterattack, but he still held his temper and waited for Niao Cao at the door.

    Bird Cao raised his head, and he saw this huge building of wonders from a long distance away. Only the main part was completed and put into use. The huge house that caught his eyes still made him feel the impact of strength.

    Tall chimneys, jet clouds and dust, boiling hot wind, and faint sparks in the depths.

    This is like the second "Suirenshi Era" ushered in by the ancient people in the ignorance. The human race was the first to use flames until now, and now, the way of using flames will be improved to a higher level.

    Hearing that there was a problem with the equipment, Niao Cao thought about it carefully.

    "I made this refractory brick made by mixing grass mud, yellow clay and a lot of quartz sand. The refractory strength can reach thousands of degrees (1469c)"

    This method of making refractory bricks appeared in ancient times. Niao Cao is the legendary brick-making ancestor. It is described in "Lu Shi Chunqiu".With this kind of thing, people have a new weapon from then on, called the brick

    And later generations have another new term since then, such as "moving bricks".

    The refractory bricks used today should have appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. However, due to the needs of concubine loads and some technological innovations, the brick-making level of the Niao Cao family has naturally improved rapidly.

    Where there is demand, there is technological progress!

    Although Niao Cao doesn't understand chemistry, his production method is the result of mixing sand and gravel with a relatively high silica content in refractory soil.

    "Boss, did you heat the stove to over 2,000 degrees?"

    Niao Cao forced to question Yan Zai, and Yan Zai said:

    "Don't spout blood!"

    "Two thousand degrees is a fart, I obviously heated it to ten thousand degrees!"

    Niao Cao (surprised): "Ten thousandyou don't have to!"

    10,000-degree refractory bricks?

    I'm not refusing, you really should hire someone else!

    It is recommended to burn the iron ore directly in Gugu's stomach, and pull it out along the chicken manure after burning.

    Yuzai's miss made Niao Cao think about it, 10,000 degrees is too nonsense, there is no way to calculate this temperature, and there is no natural flame of this temperature in nature, the temperature of the kiln can be measured  The so-called "perfect fire" refers to the fact that the temperature of the kiln has reached an extremely high state.

    The method used by the ancients to observe the temperature of the flame is called "Huoqi", or "Huohou method". In the Shang Dynasty, people had already learned this method when they smelted bronzes. In the Zhou Dynasty, these were supplemented even more.  Completely, this method is mentioned in "Xunzi Strong Country", emphasizing that in order to forge an exquisite sword, you must master the right temperature, that is, "Punishment is upright, gold and tin are beautiful; craftsmanship is skillful, and fire is equal."

    "Kao Gong Ji Li Shi" says: "Where the shape of gold is cast, gold and tin, the black and turbid air is exhausted, followed by yellow and white; the yellow and white air is exhausted, followed by blue and white; the blue and white air is exhausted, and the blue  Next, it can be cast."

    For example, if white smoke appears during bronze smelting, the temperature is about 907c, at which point zinc begins to volatilize.

    When refining alchemy, watching the fire is the same principle. Of course, it doesn't apply to Huangdi and his gang now. Putting TNT on their faces may kill their lives.

    The ability to watch fire is the basic skill of a qualified smelting master.

    Niao Cao and Yan Zai re-entered the big ironworks. The broken equipment was emitting sparks and smoke, and the intact equipment was still operating. Guang Chengzi and Dui were both here.  quietly watching these burning and distorted forces constantly changing colors and powers.

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