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About Donating Bone Marrow and Matching

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    The following content is quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia, the purpose is to let readers and friends better understand the story.

    Quote

    Among people who are related by blood, the probability of matching is one in ten thousand.  According to our country's population policy and situation, the substitutes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can only be found from non-blood related people. This shows the importance and significance of citizens donating hematopoietic stem cells.

    Donation distinction

    In the past, it was called donating bone marrow, but now it is called donating hematopoietic stem cells. In fact, it is the collection of hematopoietic stem cells.  It turns out that bone marrow blood is extracted, and bone marrow blood is rich in hematopoietic stem cells, so it was originally called bone marrow donation.  Now hematopoietic stem cells are directly collected from peripheral blood, and the process is the same as that of ordinary blood component donation.  Of course, it is initially necessary to mobilize a large number of hematopoietic stem cells present in the bone marrow to the peripheral blood.  Therefore, it is now called donating hematopoietic stem cells, and the purpose is to distinguish it from the past and avoid misleading.

    The donation process

    ?Pay attention to the third point, the collection method and process: The modern hematopoietic stem cell transplantation method uses the collection of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood.  In other words, the current technology no longer needs to collect bone marrow from the spine, and the donor does not need surgery, but only needs to go through a blood separator. The process is similar to the current blood bank donation machine to collect platelets.

    1. The patient searches the database of Chinese hematopoietic stem cell donors. After the initial matching is successful, you will be notified to have a physical examination and high-resolution.  If the high-resolution results match, then enter the next link, if not, you cannot donate.

    2. After the high-resolution matching, according to the patient's schedule, enter the hospital five days before the collection day, have a simple physical examination, and within four days, inject a mobilization agent intravenously every day (for the description of the mobilization agent, please refer to the basic knowledge of hematopoietic stem cells  ).

    3. Collection method and process: The modern hematopoietic stem cell transplantation method adopts the collection of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood.  Using scientific methods to mobilize a large number of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow blood into peripheral blood, collect whole blood from the donor's arm vein, extract hematopoietic stem cells through a blood cell separator, and at the same time, reinfuse other blood components back into the donor.  Since the entire collection process is carried out in a closed environment that meets medical safety requirements, it is extremely safe.  After the collection is complete, some mild pain and discomfort will go away quickly.  So far, there are no reports of harm to donors caused by the collection of peripheral blood stem cells.  Please believe that we "will not harm another person in order to save one person".

    Collect a total of approximately 10 grams of hematopoietic stem cells.  Contains some blood components, usually 50-100 ml.  It is less than the amount of whole blood donated at one time.  Moreover, the human body has a strong ability to regenerate hematopoietic stem cells.  Under normal circumstances, various cells in the human body are constantly metabolizing every day, undergoing a cycle of generation, aging, and death.  After blood loss or donation of hematopoietic stem cells, the bone marrow can be stimulated to accelerate hematopoiesis, and within 1-2 weeks, various blood cells in the blood return to their original levels.  Therefore, donating hematopoietic stem cells will not affect health.

    ? Impact of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donation

    ? Donating hematopoietic stem cells will not have adverse effects on the donor's health.  Many, many types of blood cells in our body all come from the same ancestor¡ªpluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.  Not only can he continue to differentiate into offspring, but he can also reproduce cells that are exactly the same as himself.  So that our hematopoietic function is continuous.  When old blood cells die, new ones grow to replace them; when some hematopoietic stem cells are damaged, healthy stem cells are quickly born to compensate.  Our organisms work so well together.  The number of pluripotent stem cells is not very large, and they are distributed throughout the bone marrow.  When donating bone marrow, only a small part of the bone marrow is extracted from the human body, and only a part of the pluripotent stem cells are lost. The remaining pluripotent stem cells will quickly replicate, and the hematopoietic function will fully return to normal in a short period of time.  Therefore, donating hematopoietic stem cells will not affect human hematopoietic function.

    Why match?

    According to the source of stem cells, it can be divided into autologous, syngeneic and allogeneic bmt.  Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation refers to transplantation between identical twin siblings. Since the donor and recipient are genetically identical, there is no immune incompatibility problem like autologous bone marrow transplantation.  The donor marrow cells of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-bmt) are genetically different from the recipient cells. Compared with kidney, liver, heart and other organ transplants, allo-bmt is more prone to rejection, and once the donor marrow is transplanted  Later, graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) may occur, so strict tissue matching must be carried out between the donor and the recipient, and the recipient must be pretreated with immunosuppressants before transplantation.

    What is matching?

    ? Select a donor that is compatible with the recipient's tissue.  When selecting a suitable donor, first choose a marrow donor from siblings; if not, then search for a marrow donor from close relatives and blood-unrelated volunteers.  In the selection of donors, the hla test should be done first by serological method among compatriots, and the results obtained are not much different, and then lymphocytes should be doneCulture (mlc) to detect d sites and verify hla matching.  Even the difference of histocompatibility antigen that cannot be detected by serological or molecular biological methods can often be detected by mlc.  At present, molecular genetic techniques have been used to directly detect hla gene, such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology, sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (ssopa) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) technology, which can be used as bmt  An important supplement to tissue matching, especially for the verification of unrelated donor tissue matching.  (Remember the site URL: www.hlnovel.com
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