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Chapter 923

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    The reason for this is that Kelly's dream of self-powered flight could not be realized because there was no light-weight engine at the time.  In 1857, the 82-year-old Kelly knew that his time was running out, and he was still trying to design a lightweight engine, but to no avail.

    Fortunately, Kelly has detailed descriptions of his own research work, especially the paper "On Air Navigation", which has become a classic of aeronautics.

    In this paper, Kelly clearly pointed out that the mechanism of lift and thrust should be separated, and that human aircraft should not simply imitate the flight movements of birds to fly; instead, different devices should be used to achieve lift and power respectively, which is the invention of the aircraft.  on the right path.

    About half a century after Kelly's death, the American inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, realized his last wish - self-powered manned flight.

    Orville Wright said in 1912 that their success is entirely due to Kelly, an English gentleman, who wrote down the theory of flying machines 100 years ago.

    He said, "Sir George Kelly knew the principles of aviation that were never seen before or since. Until the end of the 19th century, his published works were error-free. They are indeed the greatest documents in the history of science."

    And his brother Wilbur Wright also said, "When we designed the aircraft, we completely used the very precise calculation method proposed by Sir Kelly for design calculations.".

    The Wright brothers can be said to be the luckiest two pioneers in the development of aircraft.  They were born early enough that the airplane hadn't been invented yet, and of course they were born late enough that Kelly's theory and Otto's internal combustion engine were ready for them.

    Even more fortunately, the German inventor Otto Lilienthal, who was more hopeful than them and was the first to create a self-powered, fixed-wing aircraft, unfortunately died in an experiment.

    Lilienthal was the first person in the world to achieve self-powered gliding flight. His work was very inspiring to the Wright brothers, and his deeds also inspired the work of these two young Americans.

    Today, many Germans still believe that Lilienthal was the first to invent the airplane, and the main airport in Berlin is named after him.  Therefore, we can say that the Wright brothers are just better off than Lilienthal.

    Just imagine, if Kelly already had a light, high-power internal combustion engine at that time, if he could not invent the airplane like the Wright brothers, he could at least take a big step forward.

    Kelly's regret can only be that he was born half a century earlier, and the corresponding technology is not yet ready.  The Wright brothers were much luckier, they were born at the right time.

    And this is something that cannot be changed no matter how hard you try.

    In this case, why waste your energy on it again and again for the fact that it cannot be changed?

    Gladwell emphasized in the book "Outliers" that the time of people's birth determines their fate to a large extent; the 15 richest people in the world were all born in the United States in 1830-1840, because they caught up with  American Industrial Revolution.

    Xu Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty commented on Cao Cao (when he was young), saying, "A minister capable of governing the world is a hero in troubled times."

    Cao Cao later caught up with the troubled times, so he took the road of a hero.  It is conceivable that if Cao Cao was born in the era of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, he might choose to take the path of being a capable minister, because at that time being a hero was to die.  On the contrary, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, if Cao Cao wanted to be a capable minister, he would die.

    Of course, the time of birth cannot be chosen, but you can go to which mountain to sing songs from which mountain, and we will do what the times require us to do.

    Fate cannot be changed, luck can be fine.

    As for myself, birth and childhood are already established facts, and what can be grasped is luck.

    At this moment, Chu Lihua suddenly felt light all over, and felt a sense of euphoria.

    She knew that she was "reborn".

    Because, like her, there are many children who were born in rural families with no educational background; there are also many children with such "eccentric" parents; even children with poor eyesight are also many.

    For myself, I just have a few more items at the same time.

    However, should it go on like this?

    Similarly, the era when the Wright Brothers were born was the best era, right?  But why are they the only ones who invented the airplane?

    Although many people (and their later compatriots) competed for the right to invent the airplane, the credit for inventing the airplane should go to the Wright Brothers.

    Because they not only let mankind fly the first powered, fixed-wing aircraft into the sky, but also solved the problem of aircraft control.? Problems, and more meaningfully, they invented a whole set of methods for designing and improving aircraft.

    The most critical technology for the invention of the aircraft is to solve the three problems of lift, power and control; the lift problem was solved by Kelly, and the power problem was solved by Otto, who invented the internal combustion engine, but the control problem has not been solved.

    Before the Wright brothers, Lilienthal and others tried to control the balance and flight direction of the aircraft by the pilot's body posture, which is actually very difficult to do.

    The Wright brothers were inspired by the method of controlling kites, thus inventing the joystick for controlling the wings of the aircraft.

    In order to continuously increase the lift of the wing and improve the operating system of the aircraft, the two brothers built a wind tunnel (artificially generated and controlled airflow to simulate the flow of air around the aircraft or entity), and conducted a large number of  Among them, more than 200 kinds of airfoils have been tried in order to improve the airfoil, and thousands of tests have been carried out.

    In addition, they conducted a great deal of experimentation on how to control the aircraft's aerodynamic maneuvers such as balance, pitch, and turn;  It solves the problems of the maneuverability and stability of the aircraft.

    Moreover, the Wright Brothers paid great attention to the theoretical correctness of aircraft design.  Although the two of them are self-taught, they have studied aerodynamics systematically, have a solid theoretical foundation, and are very rigorous in their work.

    The two brothers later discovered that Lilienthal had made a mistake in calculating the lift (60% more lift), and corrected it, and then verified it through experiments.

    This is an important reason why they were able to succeed and Lilienthal failed.

    The Wright brothers are cautious by nature. They would not take a test flight without doing enough tests, and even if they do a test flight, they must first conduct an unmanned test flight.

    In order to test the steering control of the aircraft, the Wright brothers conducted 700-1000 gliding tests in 1902.  (Remember the site URL: www.hlnovel.com
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