Marco Polo said: There is an East in the world, and there is a fairy tale world in the East, and its name is China.
Marco Polo is an Italian, that is, the second-class people in the Yuan Dynasty¡ªthe Semu people. It is said that he and his uncle came to Beijing in the twelfth year of Zhiyuan [1275] and were warmly received by Kublai Khan. He traveled in China for 17 years and saw all aspects of society at that time. Finally he came to such a conclusion: China is the country with the highest status of women in the world today.
Because during the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court stipulated: it is forbidden to pawn wives [that is, it is forbidden to rent wives to old bachelors]; it is forbidden to buy and sell women; it is forbidden for husbands to kill their wives; The right of women to file for divorce It can be said that the government has made clear provisions in law on all aspects of protecting women.
Some people say that women in the Yuan Dynasty had their feet bound and were forbidden to go out. This shows that the status of women in the Yuan Dynasty was very low [1].
In fact, it is not the case. Ma Xiuying was a lady in the late Yuan Dynasty, and she has a pair of big feet. When I came to the Ming Dynasty and became a queen, there was a trend of "ashamed of Dazu" in the society. Therefore, Ma Xiuying, who is a queen, did not dare to show her natural feet in front of people. Once when she was about to get on the sedan chair, a gust of wind blew her big feet out, and the word "showing her feet" was born.
This shows that every woman's request for footbinding began in the Ming Dynasty, and it was Ma Xiuying's husband Zhu Yuanzhang who issued this order.
Before Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he was a bumpkin. I don¡¯t know if he was too poor and afraid that he would not be able to marry a wife, or if he was too poor and crazy and afraid that his wife would run away with others. In short, he is an emperor with a flawed character.
At the beginning of his administration, he proposed three regulations that violated the laws of heaven: women's footbinding, eunuch castration, and palace maids' burial.
[1] "Golden Lotus of Ten Wins of Fanggui" Anonymous. Poem
In the big family of Yu's family, there is only one woman, Qingwan, who has her feet bound. Therefore, Qing Wan is a well-known good girl in the eyes of her elders.
There is a saying that if you have too many feet, you will release your nature one day. For example, what Qing Wan did today was something that ordinary girls would not dare to do.
Seeing that the mulberries on the high place could not be reached, Qingwan said to Yougan, "Hold my feet and let me reach those big mulberries."
Yougan put Qingwan's little feet into his palm and slowly lifted them up.
You know, once a woman's feet are bound, her three-inch golden lotus becomes the most private part. Except for her own husband, other men must never let her see or touch her. It doesn't matter if you accidentally touch other parts of the girl's body [including the chest], but if you touch the little feet, it is tantamount to losing your dignity.
Yougan played with Qingwan's pair of little golden lotuses, he couldn't put it down.
"Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh as, you fall me again!"
Yougan quickly stabilized his palm, looked up to see Qingwan reaching out to pick the mulberries, and said, "It's enough to eat, as long as it's enough, it's easy to stain your hands, and it's not easy to carry."
Qingwan put it in her mouth and muttered, "My body is not heavy. Why, after holding it for a while, I can't hold it anymore? It seems that you are really old."
"You're old, I saw your shoes are wet and your feet are wrapped with cloth so, how uncomfortable you are! Come down quickly and go to the stream to wash"
"You're the one who has a lot to do~" Qingwan took a handful of mulberries, lowered her body slowly, put an ombre into Zhen Yougan's mouth, and said with a smile, "Quickly shut your mouth!" Finally, she put her arms around his neck again, gouged out He said with a glance, "I don't know your mind yet."
"What can I think about? It's nothing more than caring"
"Heh, do you want to see my feet?!"
"Haha, I mainly want to wash your shoes." Yougan walked up the white horse with Qingwan in his arms, "Your embroidered shoes are so pretty!"
There is a lawn on the bank of the creek, and there are a few beautiful small wild flowers mixed in the green and hairy grass, white, pink, yellow tender grass sets them off, and they are dotted with tender grass. From a distance, it looks like a green carpet embroidered with patterns.
Youqian stepped on this green carpet, and it felt soft to step on; stepped on the green carpet and came to the stream, the clear stream reflected Youqian's beautiful figure hugging Qingwan tightly.
Seeing that Yougan has been hugging herself and not letting go, Qingwan asked: "Aren't you going to wash your shoes, don't you want to wash them again?"
"Oh~" Yougan smiled, and put Qingwan on the soft lawn. He took off the embroidered shoes, untied the foot wrap, looked at the little white feet and said:
"Dragon gold points emerald green phoenix as the head,
Lining out the lotus double jade hook.
Jianxiao is self-pitying and timid,
Swing skirt"If the husband does not return after three years away from home, let his wife remarry." If the husband does not return after three years away from home, the wife also has the right to remarry. "Whoever is raped and humiliated by a relative of the husband's cohabitation, although it is unsuccessful, but the wife is willing to leave, listen." If the wife is sexually assaulted by a relative of the husband's family, even if it is attempted, she can still get a divorce. This kind of marriage relationship is already very advanced. It is definitely not a unilateral "divorce" but really a "reconciliation".
(2) Some people say that women's foot binding was popular in the Yuan Dynasty.
They said that the status of women in the Yuan Dynasty was very low, and they were even described as inferior to chickens and dogs; they also came up with such expressions as "fourth class people" and "first night power" to prove that the Mongols were barbaric and lowly women. The women of the Han family all had their feet bound in order to avoid these Mongol talents, and everyone lived a life of "not leaving the door and not going through the second door".
In fact, these statements are all Ming Dynasty people's slander for the ruling of foreign tribes.
The Yuan Dynasty was a free and unrestrained dynasty that could accept Western culture. It was once praised by Marco Polo as "the fairy tale of the world and the paradise of the East." You said, how could such a society imprison women and mean women?
The Yuan Dynasty once promulgated a code called "Dayuan Tongzhi", which for the first time established the equal status of men and women in the form of law.
The Code expressly stipulates:
1. It is forbidden to employ a woman as a pawn, or to hire a person's children. If you have been hired by the code, you are willing to use the ceremony of marriage as your wife and concubine, listen. Those who are hired by Qian Dian to hire wives and concubines are forbidden. [The bad habit of prohibiting pawning wives means that poor people are not allowed to rent out their wives to old bachelors to carry on the family line. ]
2. Those who sell their loved ones as slaves, if they sell one person, the stick will be one hundred and seven, and they will be far away; if there are more than two people, they will be executed! [The sale of women is prohibited! If you sell one person, you will be punished with a hundred and seven sticks; if you sell more than two people, you will be executed! Is it stricter than the current law? ]
3. Those who kill their wives for minor faults shall be executed. Those who kill their wives with drugs because of their mutual hatred are the same as killing ordinary people. [It is forbidden for a husband to kill his wife. ]
4. Those whose births and daughters were drowned lost half of their family wealth to serve in the army. The first one is a slave, that is good. [The drowning of female infants is prohibited. ]
5. If couples are not in harmony with each other, those who sell or buy a divorce will be banned, those who violate it will be punished, and those who reconcile and leave will not sit together. [That is, women have the right to file for divorce. ]
From this point of view, the Yuan Dynasty involved all aspects of women's protection, and made explicit regulations. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty was the dynasty with the highest status of women in the late Chinese feudal society¡ª¡ªHuang Zongkai's "On the Status of Women in the Yuan Dynasty"
(3) Three ancient monsters: prostitutes, eunuchs, and daughters.
There are also prostitutes and eunuchs abroad, but this "daughter bandage" is a unique foot-binding bandage in China. Westerners regard the Chinese as the "sick men of East Asia", that is, when they see men with long hair and women with bound feet, they think that the Chinese are ignorant and backward. If you fall behind in ignorance, you will be beaten. This is like what the Northeast people say, "beat you bastard".
So where does the origin of this ignorance come from? It is the peasant "upstart" Zhu Yuanzhang.
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he didn't think about developing forward, but thinking about going backwards, and made three things that are most shameful to human beings - women's footbinding, eunuch castration, and palace maid's burial.
Although the invention rights of "castration" and "foot binding" did not belong to Zhu Yuanzhang, the two "quasi-human races" created by these two "civilizations" were most developed in the Ming Dynasty.
Regarding castration, eunuchs in previous dynasties just made them incapable of sex. That is to say, if an underage boy who is not fully developed wants to be a eunuch, he can just cut off his two balls, because after cutting off the balls, the stem will not develop, and he will not be able to do bad things in the future No, the "little penis" will always be only so big, and it may even shrink.
But Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't do it. He asked that both the eggs and the stems should be cut off. First, the eggs should be cut off, and then the stems should be cut off. In fact, this is unnecessary, because as long as the egg or stem is cut off, there will be no fertility. Even if there is, the possibility is very small, but Zhu Yuanzhang does not allow this possibility to exist.
Besides foot binding, the elegant saying is "three-inch golden lotus", and the popular saying is "small feet bound".
Before the Ming Dynasty, foot binding was only a "game in the circle" of some nobles, but in the Ming Dynasty, women from all walks of life, regardless of rich or poor, had their feet bound one after another, and the "three-inch golden lotus" suddenly became a trend that spread across the country. In the laws from the pre-Qin period to the Yuan Dynasty, women were allowed to elope and marry, but in the Ming Dynasty's "Law of the Ming Dynasty", elopement was a felony; remarriage of women was also prohibited. In the 16th year of Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, Hongwu promulgated the "Gunmian System", "complex and prosperous crown ornaments and foot binding for women", which made it difficult for women to move, run, and of course elope. ? (Remember the site URL: www.hlnovel.com