Add Bookmark | Recommend this book | Back to the book page | My bookshelf | Mobile Reading

Free Web Novel,Novel online - All in hlnovel.com -> Prose -> Stepping on the Countryside and Sighing the Flowing Water

Chapter 204 Epilogue - The Beginning and End of the Anti-Yuan Movement of Yi Native Officials

Previous page        Return to Catalog        Next page

    ?

    In the seventh year of Zhiyuan [1270], Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, established Yunnan province in Dali, which strengthened China's rule over the southwestern border.

    The establishment of the province has greatly promoted the stability and prosperity of Yunnan society, which can be confirmed during the administration of Yunnan Pingzhang Sai Dianchi and his son.  After Daedeok [1297-1307], provincial power was restrained by Liangwang, Yunnanwang, and Duan, who were in charge of Yunnan, and the contradictions within the ruling group became increasingly intensified.

    The kingship in Yunnan began in Hugechi, but he was poisoned to death by his subordinates in the eighth year of Zhiyuan [1271], and his son, Timur, was the king of Yunnan first.  In the twenty-seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty [1290], Kublai Khan named the emperor's grandson Gan Mala as the king of Liang, above the king of Yunnan.  In the 30th year of Zhiyuan [1293], Ganma Lazi Songshan attacked Liang Wang.  In the first year of the Great Yuan [1308], Timur also left Yunnan first, creating conditions for King Liang to develop his own power.

    Yuan Ting also realized that King Liang was in dire straits, and tried to transfer him away from Yunnan.  However, after Yingzong came to the throne, he transferred the king of Yunnan to Songshan's son Wang Chan.  Since both Songshan and Emperor Taiding were the sons of Ganmala, Emperor Taiding promoted Yunnan King to Liang King as soon as he ascended the throne, and at the same time bestowed Wang Chan's son Timur Buhua as Yunnan King, so that the thrones of Yunnan King and Liang King all fell  In the hands of Wang Chan's family, not only their strength in Yunnan has greatly increased, but they have also become important figures in the court of Emperor Taiding.

    In the first year of Zhihe [1328], Emperor Taiding died, and the Ganmala lineage represented by Dao Lasha and the Haishan lineage represented by Yan Timur launched a fierce battle for status, and finally the Ganmala lineage failed.  But in the end, Wang Chan bestowed death.  However, the influence he cultivated in Yunnan still exists. From the second year of the Tianli calendar [1329], his cronies, such as Tujian Buhua and Bohu, went from prevarication, excuses for not entering the court to open rebellion.

    Under their coercion, the chieftains of the Yi nationality also responded positively.  Under the joint resistance of Yunnan kings and various ethnic minorities, it caused a great blow to the rule of Yuan Dynasty in Yunnan.

    Of course, the lure and coercion of the kings of Yunnan to the chieftains of the Yi nationality is only a symptom, and the contradiction between the feudal lordship and the landlord system is the main focus of the struggle.  Wusa, Wumeng, Dongchuan, Mangbu and other Yi areas, especially the areas along the traffic line, have experienced a certain degree of improvement in economic level after the development of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and have transitioned to the stage of feudal lordship.  After the Yuan Dynasty established provinces across the country, it strengthened the governance of the border minority areas.  It has the obvious nature of conquest and guarding, but the appointment of ethnic minorities as native officials and the use of them to rule the local ethnic groups have strengthened the communication between provinces and localities, and objectively created certain conditions for the development of these areas.

    ?With the advancement of economy and culture, the imperial court gradually strengthened its control over the minority areas, and the landlord economy continued to grow in the marginal areas of the Yi area, which undoubtedly restricted the expansion of the power of the native officials.  Because of this, under the call of the kings Tujian and Bohu, the local officials of the Yi nationality gathered to respond and launched a fierce struggle against the Yuan court.

    During the Mongol and Yuan Dynasties, the ruling class excluded Han literati with a high level of education from the main roads of the regime, making its social foundation very narrow and fragile, and ethnic prejudice and discrimination caused the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty to always put the Mongolian nobles at the top.  status, the hierarchical oppression of the Han and Southerners was extremely serious, forming a situation of isolation and lack of innovation, which further deepened ethnic conflicts.

    More importantly, under the feudal system, the quality of official governance depends to a large extent on the quality of officials, as well as on the perfection of laws and the strictness of their implementation.  Due to the inherent ethnic prejudices of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, they all started from the basic policy of ethnic privileges and strict precautions, so that the Mongols and Semu people occupied important places in various places.  Printing and drawing are sent to handle official affairs.  Therefore, the less educated the rich and powerful, the more likely to be corrupted, especially in the late Yuan Dynasty, when corruption was rampant. Folk songs said: "When the envoy came, the sky was shaken, and when the envoy left, it was dark and dark. The officials were all happy, but the people were crying."  "Officials' black lacquer lanterns are added when envoys come." In addition, after Chengzong, the emperor changed frequently, the court continued to fight, generous gifts to the kings, excessive issuance of banknotes, and the depletion of finances, just like the book in July of the first year of Zhishun  The minister of the province said: "In recent years, the money is empty, and there are five expenses: it is rewarding, it is doing Buddhist work, it is creating yamen, it is asking for extravagance, and it is continuing to increase the guardian Yingfang." People at the time pointed out: "  Today, there are many disaster victims in the county and town. If the state funds are so numerous, the treasury is empty, and the people are dying. This is the time when the government is renewed. It is time to follow the ancestors and establish the constitution.  If there is any inconvenience in the battle, it will be rectified. In this way, natural disasters can be eliminated, and auspiciousness can be brought about. Otherwise, there will be fear that the evil will gradually deepen, and the cause of chaos will be divided from then on.¡±

    However, the imperial court at this time was extremely corrupt. Materials used as military supplies were levied from various places, and corrupt officials fished and hunted from them.Thousands of stones are paid to the Yunnan army, and the middle way is returned. They borrow 19 ingots in advance to marry concubines.  "

    The extreme extravagance, corruption and contradictions of the elites within the ruling class have caused the working people of all ethnic groups to live in dire straits. Of course, it has aroused strong dissatisfaction among the people. Therefore, once the time is right or a resistance organization appears, it will form a prairie fire.

    Wusa, Wumeng, Dongchuan, Mangbu, and Luoluosi are all areas ruled by Yi native officials. The Yi uprising led by Luyu and Sajabe and involving Wumeng, Dongchuan and other places apparently responded to the Mongolian kings.  The Tujian and Bohu Rebellion was actually not so simple. It was a contest between the feudal lordship and the feudal landlord system.  The Yuan Dynasty established provinces nationwide, implemented the native official system, and promoted the economic and cultural development and social progress of the areas ruled by native officials.  There was a fierce conflict.  In order to maintain vested interests and drive out the feudal forces of the Yuan Dynasty who entered this area, they united into a powerful force under the instigation of Tujian and Bohu, killing officials and destroying government offices, forcing the imperial court to mobilize troops from various provinces and a large number of  Military supplies, after 4 years of hard work, finally ended in the failure of the feudal lord system.

    Furthermore, in suppressing the Tujian rebellion and the resistance of Luyu native officials, the imperial court mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops from Zhejiang, Huguang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces, consuming a lot of material and financial resources and bringing heavy burdens to society.  disaster.

    ?Because the imperial court expropriated and mobilized a large amount of grain and banknotes as military supplies, coupled with natural and man-made disasters, famines continued in various places.  As a result, the resistance struggles of ethnic minorities continued one after another, which caused headaches for the emperor and the court.  (Remember the site URL: www.hlnovel.com
Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report