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Text 984 [Ministry of Industry also has supporting inventions]

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    ,

    Xie Fu's casting method is not profound and mysterious.

    ?The breakthrough lies in the use of steam engines and steel molds to punch out copper molds in large quantities and at low cost.

    ? I heard that a Foshan blacksmith was actually appointed as the deputy supervisor of the Ministry of Industry's Type Foundry.  The official typecasters couldn't sit still, and Zhang Shunmin, a doctor in the Ministry of Industry, begged for an interview.  3

    "Why, you also invented a new type of casting method?" Zhao Han asked with a smile.

    Zhang Shunmin replied: "Your Majesty, the official craftsman of the Ministry of Industry, has indeed invented a new type of casting method." Zhao Han was quite pleasantly surprised and asked, "What method?"

    Zhang Shunmin replied: "The original lead movable type, copper movable type, and copper-lead-tin alloy movable type in Ming Dynasty are not as good as the European lead alloy movable type formula. After the full use of European lead movable type, according to the characteristics of this alloy, the Ministry of Industry has been improving.  The method of casting. Now it has achieved results, and it is called a 'type casting furnace', which can cast fifty or sixty movable types per hour."

    "good!"

    Zhao Han slapped his thigh in approval.

    Xie Fu improved the molding technology, while the Ministry of Industry improved the casting technology. The two technologies can be perfectly matched.

    Zhang Shunmin continued: "Your Majesty, the reason why the invention of the type-casting furnace has not been reported is because it can be improved. At present, the hand-cranked furnace has been invented, and the Ministry of Industry is improving it into a foot-operated or hand-cranked furnace. Once the improvement is successful, movable type  The casting efficiency can be increased by at least several times, or even more than ten times!"

    "Is the improvement work complicated?" Zhao Han asked.

    Zhang Shunmin sorted out his words and said: "It's not complicated, but it's not simple either. Occasionally, I have to consult with the bachelors from the Physics Museum of Qintian Academy. I haven't figured it out yet, and the small structure was designed by heavenly hands."

    That kind of movable type casting technology must be completely improved and perfected. It cannot cast one or four hundred characters every time. It is the thing used by Tianshou in the late Qing Dynasty.  Its requirements for science and technology are not low, and the last premise is that there must be no precise type and lead alloy movable type formula.

    The upgraded version of that set of technology, that is, "Thomson automatic type casting furnace", has been used from the early years of the Republic of China to the new China, and it cannot cast 15,000 Chinese movable types every day! It is not less than 600 pieces per day. It seems that  The efficiency has been reduced, but it can be used directly before casting, so it is necessary for the typewriter to go back and polish it in the early stage.

    Xie Fu said: "The casting furnace has been converted and withdrawn, and everyone involved will give a big reward!"

    An official invention is the same as a private invention, and its patent right automatically belongs to the unit to which it belongs.  Air 6_

    Zhao Han invented this set of casting methods, in fact, the patent should also belong to Xie's factory.  But the Xie family went too far, taking away the patent, and even occupying the right to authorize the patent, which is in accordance with the "Xiaotong Patent Law".  Even if there is no royal family to come forward, it is said that whoever wins and loses in a lawsuit.  2_

    Peng Haitian continued: "The Ministry of Industry has not proposed to use movable type to make dead plates."

    "Dead version?" Xie Fu didn't understand.

    Peng Haitian said: "The engraved block is printed repeatedly, and the movable type cannot be disassembled arbitrarily. Can the engraved block and the movable type have their own strengths? The typesetting of the movable type is cumbersome. It is dismantled before the printing is finished, and it needs to be re-typeset after the last printing. Therefore, the Ministry of Industry  The official craftsman came up with the idea of ??first using movable type for typesetting, and then using movable type to make clay molds to pour lead plates. The movable type can be dismantled and reused, thus saving the number of movable type. The lead type is used for printing and cannot be stored after printing.  When printing, typesetting is necessary, just take out the stereotype and print again." 3

    That is the real printing plate!

    Xie Fu asked: "Has it been invented?"

    Zhao Kuangping said: "Two years later, no official craftsman put forward that idea, but there are not many problems in the specific research, and those problems are being solved step by step." That kind of clay mold and lead plate technology only existed in history.  In the seventy years, "Zi Lin Xi Bao" and "Shen Shen" first used that thing.

    But it has no major flaws:

    First, the clay mold must be broken when casting the stereotype, so the clay mold cannot be preserved, it is a one-time consumable, and it can be repeatedly cast into the stereotype;

    Seventh, although stereotypes cannot be preserved,

    However, it is fragile and easy to break, and it will be damaged if you pay attention to it during use or handling.

    The previous method of changing and returning is to use ordinary thick paper instead of clay molds, that is, paper-type stereotypes.

    A set of paper patterns can not be repeatedly cast more than ten times, and it is convenient for long-distance transportation.  Before typesetting and printing in Nanjing, it is only necessary to transport the paper pattern to Beijing, and then it can be slowly cast and then printed. If it is transported to Xi'an, it can also be slowly cast and printed.

    To print a book, only dozens of sets of paper types are needed to meet the needs of all parts of the country, and the typesetting work only needs to be retreated once.  It can also save a few sets of paper patterns. As long as they are kept properly, they can be used seventy years ago.

    Zhao Han replaced the type molds, and the Ministry of Industry replaced the casting furnace, and then developed the casting technology.

    Eight kinds of technologies are perfectly matched by Tianshou.

    Onesp; Zhang Shunmin explained: "Erchen also thought about it, but Erchen's fonts are all produced according to standard font sizes. Some of them are slightly different from traditional fonts, and some of them are very different from traditional fonts, so they can only be used. Erchen  We have contacted several companies, and we are willing to buy, but we only buy most commonly used typefaces with low consumption." 2

    "Market replacement is also a problem." Xie Fu nodded.

    For the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Rites, and the Supervisor of Rituals, updating equipment is a matter of the emperor's word.

    But for non-governmental printing companies, we have to measure profits.  Lead movable type has been introduced to China for many years, and some big workshops are still using old movable type, and the materials are varied, such as wooden movable type, copper movable type, lead movable type, tin movable type (those Chinese metal movable type are basically alloy,  But it is the same as the European formula, and the printing turbidity is sufficient).

    However, the promotion of European inks is rapid, and the old-fashioned printing inks are almost produced.

    It may take a long time for the standard font size formulated by Zhao Han to be completely accepted by the market.  The adoption of this standard in official textbooks cannot promote the replacement of the market, but it can only promote the retreat.  The old movable type that people have worked so hard to forge may be thrown out of the warehouse and covered with dust, and they will be discarded when they are slightly worn.

    Of course, with the combination of the two casting technologies, the movable type will be so cheap that it will explode in the future.

    Without the cheap movable type produced by the king of Chu, if printing companies vote with their feet.  In the next one or two years, the entire Jinling Mansion will make its own movable type again, and it is better to go directly to the king of Chu to buy new movable type with good quality and low price.
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